Corporate climate initiatives such as RE100 play an increasingly important role in global efforts to transition toward renewable energy. However, most empirical studies examine participation as a binary outcome, overlooking the temporal dynamics of wh...
Corporate climate initiatives such as RE100 play an increasingly important role in global efforts to transition toward renewable energy. However, most empirical studies examine participation as a binary outcome, overlooking the temporal dynamics of when firms choose to join. This study fills this gap by analyzing the timing of RE100 adoption among Fortune Global 500 companies tracked over the period 2014-2023. Drawing on institutional theory, signaling theory, and diffusion of innovations framework, the study employs an Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) survival analysis model to identify firm-level, industry-level, and country-level determinants of adoption timing. The analysis reveals a “Green Grid Paradox”: firms in countries with higher renewable energy penetration exhibit significantly delayed adoption, while those in lower-renewable markets accelerate participation due to enhanced signaling value. Additionally, the study finds that regulatory policy presence facilitates adoption among committed firms, though it delays overall participation at the extensive margin. Energy-intensive firms face substantially longer adoption timelines, reflecting genuine transition cost barriers. The findings suggest that the determinants of corporate environmental leadership vary systematically with geographic and sectoral contexts, and that policy effectiveness in mobilizing voluntary corporate climate action depends critically on complementary institutional and infrastructure conditions. This study offers actionable insights for designing policy mixes that not only broaden corporate participation but also accelerate the strategic timing of climate commitments.