The economic impact of international co-productions on the Korean film industry = 국제 공동 제작이 한국 영화 산업에 미치는 경제적 영향

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국제공동제작은오늘날영화제작에서핵심적인요소로자주간주되며, 세계화된영화시장의산물로여겨진다.
그러나 여러 연구들은 이러한 제작 방식이 실제로 어느 정도의 경제적 효과와 창작적 힘을 가지는지에 대해
의문을 제기하고 있다. 본 연구는 할리우드와 같은 강력한 영화 산업과 보다 미성숙한 산업 사이의 중간 지점에
위치한 한국 영화 산업을 사례로 삼아, 국제 공동제작이 한반도의 영화 경제에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 그 결과,
국제 공동제작은 2010 년대 전반에 걸쳐 국내 및 국제 박스오피스 모두에서 실질적으로 제한적인 경제적
영향만을 보여주었음을 확인한다.
비록 스트리밍 플랫폼의 경우 국제 공동제작을 적극적으로 활용하고 있으며, 이에 초점을 맞출 때 일부 수치가
상대화될 수 있지만, 스트리밍 기반 공동제작이 제공하는 이점들 역시 한국 영화 제작 시스템이 외국 대기업에
종속되는 대가를 수반한다는 점을 보여준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With international co-production being often considered as a key element in the production of films nowadays, pure product of the cinema market into globalization, several studies question the real economic power and creative power of these specific ways of producing movies. By using South Korea and its cinema economy, a perfect middle ground between potent cinematic industries such as Hollywood and more immature ones, we’ll test the economic impact of co-production in the peninsula, to realize that it is in fact limited throughout the 2010s, with no major economic impact on the box office, would it be at the local or international level . Despite the relativization of those data when focusing on the case of streaming, which is very keen to use international co-production, we’ll see that the advantages those streaming co-productions bring come also at the cost of mainly submitting the local cinema production system to foreign conglomerates.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• INTRODUCTION 6
• PART 1 — THEORETICAL AND GLOBAL FRAMEWORKS 8
• CHAPTER 1 — UNDERSTANDING INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTION: CONCEPTS AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS 10
• HISTORICAL AND INDUSTRIAL CONTEXT 10
• THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS: WHY CO-PRODUCTIONS EXIST 11
• CHAPTER 2 — THE “INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE CURSE”: RISKS AND CRITIQUES 13
• CULTURAL DISTANCE AND THE DILUTION OF NARRATIVE IDENTITY 13
• ECONOMIC ASYMMETRY AND THE UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF VALUE 14
• MEASURING THE COSTS: EMPIRICAL PATTERNS OF UNEVEN BENEFIT 15
• THE PARADOX OF CULTURAL HOMOGENIZATION 16
• PART II — THE STATE OF INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTION S IN SOUTH KOREA ? INDUSTRIAL DYNAMICS AND EVIDENCE 19
• CHAPTER 3 — INSTITUTIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL EVOLUTION OF KOREAN CINEMA 21
• FROM PROTECTIONISM TO GLOBAL EXPANSION 21
• THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS 22
• INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE AND MARKET INDICATORS 23
• CHAPTER 4 — STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND EMPIRICAL FINDINGS 23
• DATA AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK 24
• EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTION ACTIVITY (2013–2023) 27
• BOX-OFFICE PERFORMANCE: MICRO-LEVEL RESULTS 30
• MACRO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION: INDUSTRY-LEVEL ASSESSMENT 31
• COUNTRY-SPECIFIC DYNAMICS AND HYPOTHESES 34
• PART III — INDIRECT AND STRATEGIC DIMENSIONS OF CO-PRODUCTIONS 36
• CHAPTER 5 – STREAMING, THE NEW PROMISE OF INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTIONS ? 38
• THE STREAMING TURN IN KOREA 38
• CASE STUDY: OKJA AS A TRANSITIONAL OBJECT IN INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTION 40
• CHAPTER 6 — PROMISES AND RISKS OF THIS NEW METHOD OF COPRODUCTION. 42
• STREAMING CO-PRODUCTIONS AS A SUPPORT TO THE HALLYU POLICY 42
• STRUCTURAL LIMITS AND LONG-TERM RISKS OF PLATFORM-BASED INTERNATIONAL CO-PRODUCTION 44
• CONCLUSION 48
• BIBLIOGRAPHY 50