As global energy consumption rises, the need for renewable energy sources has become increasingly imperative. However, renewable energy generation sources such as solar and wind power are characterized by high intermittency and variability, making lar...
As global energy consumption rises, the need for renewable energy sources has become increasingly imperative. However, renewable energy generation sources such as solar and wind power are characterized by high intermittency and variability, making large-scale energy storage systems (ESS) essential for ensuring stable supply and efficient utilization of generated electricity. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and lead-acid batteries (LABs), currently the most widely utilized energy storage devices, offer significant advantages in terms of high energy density and stable operation, respectively. Nevertheless, they face fundamental limitations including supply chain constraints for raw materials, environmental pollution, and safety concerns. As an alternative solution to overcome these limitations, aqueous zinc batteries possess several advantageous properties. Aqueous-based electrolytes provide environmental friendliness and superior safety compared to conventional batteries. Zinc exhibits high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g-1) and appropriate water reactivity, making them suitable for ESS. This study investigated two representative types of aqueous zinc batteries, namely rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZABs) and rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). First, the catalysts that determine the actual performance and cycle life of ZABs were studied. To address the high cost and material supply instability issues associated with conventional noble metal-based catalysts, a biomass-derived metal-carbon composite catalyst was developed. Through this approach, the ZABs with appropriate power density and excellent cycle life performance were successfully realized. Second, a high-performance vanadate cathode material, as a key material for enabling the capacity of ZIBs, was developed and evaluated. Vanadium-based materials, one of the representative cathode materials for ZIBs, were synthesized via a facile ultrasonic synthesis method. Furthermore, the incorporation of the conductive polymer PEDOT into the synthesized vanadate enhanced structural stability and increased interlayer spacing. Consequently, this approach resulted in the development of a cathode material with excellent cycle life and high reversible capacity. This study proposes next-generation aqueous zinc batteries as a sustainable alternative for energy storage through the development and characterization of key materials.