Cardiovascular diseases cause a large number of deaths worldwide, and many cardiac assist devices have been developed to address this problem. To apply these devices to humans, extensive animal experiments are typically conducted to verify their safet...
Cardiovascular diseases cause a large number of deaths worldwide, and many cardiac assist devices have been developed to address this problem. To apply these devices to humans, extensive animal experiments are typically conducted to verify their safety. However, this approach has major drawbacks, including ethical concerns as well as high costs and substantial time requirements. To overcome these limitations, heart simulators have been developed, but most existing simulators fail to obtain pressure–volume (PV) loops, which are one of the key factors for evaluating cardiac function. This is because many simulators directly inject water into the heart phantom, causing pressure and volume to increase and decrease simultaneously, showing a pattern opposite to that of the real heart.
To address this issue, we developed a left ventricular simulator that follows a physiological mechanism similar to the real heart by compressing the heart phantom externally. By adjusting various parameters of this simulator, we can reproduce not only normal conditions but also a range of abnormal cardiac conditions. Using this system, we demonstrated its potential for evaluating cardiac function and serving as a test bed for medical devices, and we expect it can reduce reliance on animal experiments.