Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) is a gram-negative anaerobe that constitutes approximately two percent of the human colonic microbiota and exists as enterotoxigenic (ETBF) and non-toxigenic (NTBF) strains. ETBF secretes the metalloprotease B. fragi...
Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) is a gram-negative anaerobe that constitutes approximately two percent of the human colonic microbiota and exists as enterotoxigenic (ETBF) and non-toxigenic (NTBF) strains. ETBF secretes the metalloprotease B. fragilis toxin (BFT), a virulence factor linked to diarrheal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer, whereas NTBF lacks this determinant. Despite their clinical relevance, proteomic comparison between the two strains remains limited. To address this gap, we construct an in-silico protein database integrating ETBF and NTBF sequences, and generated spectral libraries for the global proteome, secretome, and phosphoproteome. The spectral library encompassed 3,696 proteins and 68,357 peptides, providing as a comprehensive resource for downstream analyses. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) across biological replicates enabled consistent identification of proteome features, including annotated phosphorylation sites. Global proteome analysis quantified 2,956 protein groups, with 269 proteins upregulated and 249 downregulated in ETBF. Secretome profiling identified 1,369 protein groups of which ~36% were predicted to be secreted or membrane proteins. Phosphoproteome analysis detected 292 sites on 148 proteins, including 5 sites enriched and 3 reduced in ETBF relative to NTBF. This study presents the first integrated, multi-layer proteomic dataset of B. fragilis. ETBF was characterized by pathogenic signatures, including BFT-mediated processes and Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) components, whereas NTBF exhibited metabolic resilience. Beyond the cataloging of strain-specific features, this dataset provides a foundation for mechanistic studies on host-microbe interactions, phosphorylation-mediated regulation, and translational applications. Importantly, by associating ETBF-specific molecular programs with chronic inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis, the findings establish a resource that advances cancer biology and facilitates the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.