This thesis presents the development of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) process optimized for monolithic 3D integration architectures. Achieving a high degree of surface planarity and mechanical stability is id...
This thesis presents the development of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) back-end-of-line (BEOL) process optimized for monolithic 3D integration architectures. Achieving a high degree of surface planarity and mechanical stability is identified as the critical prerequisite for 3D stacking. To address these challenges, a robust dielectric planarization module and a tungsten (W) metallization process were developed.
First, a stress-compensated multilayer dielectric stack was engineered by combining HDPCVD oxide and PECVD TEOS oxide, effectively neutralizing the net residual stress from 90 MPa to -43 MPa. Second, the CMP process was optimized utilizing a predictive modeling approach. This model-based strategy enabled the precise determination of deposition targets, ensuring sufficient process margins.
Consequently, the dielectric planarization module, comprising the stress-compensated stack and optimized CMP, was successfully integrated over topographical metal patterns. Cross-sectional analysis confirmed excellent structural integrity with no voids or cracks. In parallel, the W plug formation process was established as a core unit process, demonstrating defect-free gap-filling in high-aspect-ratio contacts.
The results confirm that the proposed BEOL process provides a structurally validated foundation for realizing high-density monolithic 3D integration.