The rapid deployment of fifth-generation (5G) communication systems has exacerbated electromagnetic interference (EMI), particularly in the 28 GHz band where highly integrated RF front-end modules demand compact and efficient microwave absorbers. W-ty...
The rapid deployment of fifth-generation (5G) communication systems has exacerbated electromagnetic interference (EMI), particularly in the 28 GHz band where highly integrated RF front-end modules demand compact and efficient microwave absorbers. W-type hexaferrites are promising candidates for millimeter-wave absorption due to their intrinsically high ferromagnetic resonance frequencies; however, achieving strong and broadband absorption at sub-millimeter thickness requires simultaneous control of magnetic dynamics and impedance matching in practical polymer composites.
In this thesis, Co–Zn co-substituted SrW-type hexaferrites, SrCoxZn2−xW (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3), were systematically designed and demonstrated as broadband Ka-band absorbers centered near 28 GHz. Single-phase powders were synthesized in air via a conventional solid-state reaction route and subsequently incorporated into polymer matrices to evaluate electromagnetic parameters and reflection loss (RL). Co substitution effectively tuned the natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency (fnFMR) from 34.6 GHz (x = 0.0) to 26.9 GHz (x = 0.3), enabling deliberate positioning of magnetic loss (μ″) relative to the target band.
Epoxy composites with 30–50% filler volume fraction were first investigated to establish composition–property–performance relationships. Among them, SrCo0.3Zn1.7W (fnFMR = 26.9 GHz) at 30 vol.% exhibited deep absorption with RLmin = −65.5 dB at 27.7 GHz and a −20 dB bandwidth of 5.0 GHz (26.2–31.2 GHz) at a thickness of 1.01 mm. These results indicate that broadband absorption is maximized when fnFMR is tuned slightly below the impedance-matching frequency, producing an extended matching window rather than a single-frequency match.
To demonstrate industrial relevance and mechanical flexibility, flexible absorber sheets were fabricated using silicone rubber via paste mixing and tape casting at 70–73 wt.% filler loading. SrCo0.275Zn1.725W (73 wt.%, 0.90 mm) achieved RLmin = −45.5 dB at 27.9 GHz with an ultrabroad −20 dB bandwidth of 8.7 GHz (26.8–35.5 GHz), while SrCo0.3Zn1.7W (72 wt.%, 0.95 mm) showed RLmin =−46.1 dB at 28.0 GHz with a −20 dB bandwidth of 5.5 GHz (26.5–32.0 GHz). Both compositions exhibited robust absorption near 28 GHz against practical thickness deviations.
Overall, this work experimentally establishes a composition-first design strategy for Ka-band absorbers: precise tuning of fnFMR to slightly below the matching frequency, followed by composite-level optimization to realize broadband impedance matching. The proposed Co–Zn substituted SrW-type hexaferrite composites provide a scalable route to ultrathin, flexible, and high-performance EMI absorbers for 5G millimeter-wave applications.