The Ferroelectric HfO2-based thin films have garnered significant interest as promising materials for next-generation memory and logic applications due to their CMOS compatibility, scalability down to sub-10 nm, and robust switchable polarization. How...
The Ferroelectric HfO2-based thin films have garnered significant interest as promising materials for next-generation memory and logic applications due to their CMOS compatibility, scalability down to sub-10 nm, and robust switchable polarization. However, the fundamental mechanisms governing ferroelectric phase stabilization and domain formation in these non-perovskite fluorite-structured systems remain incompletely understood, particularly at the atomic scale. In this dissertation, we present a comprehensive investigation into the structural origin of ferroelectricity in epitaxial HfO2-based thin films using advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-based electronic structure analysis, including HAADF-STEM, 4D-STEM, iDPC-STEM. First, the effects of Hf ratio and thickness of thin films on unstable ferroelectric phase evolution are systematically investigated in epitaxial HfxZr1-xO2 (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0) thin films. Employing 4D-STEM center-of-mass analysis, we investigate thickness-induced polarization field and ferroelectric phase evolution, revealing atomic-scale centro-symmetric breaking in conventional tetragonal phase. Second, we investigated the ferroelectric in-plane domain structure of epitaxial Yttrium doped HfO2 thin films. We analyzed the formation of high symmetry phases at grain boundaries using nano beam diffraction 4D-STEM. Grain boundaries of high-symmetric phases influence polarization and contribute to domain stabilization in this fluorite-based thin films. Lastly, we examined the influence of epitaxial strain on hafnia based thin films using various substrate lattice parameters. In this chapter, we prepare epitaxial HfO2 free-standing thin films fabrication methods. Also, we investigate hafnia-based thin films using STEM-based analysis. Combining with cross-sectional atomic-scale (S)TEM characterization, we can finally understand the overall characterization of atomic-scale hafnia based polymorph thin films. This dissertation investigates that phase stability and domain formation in HfO2-based thin films at the atomic scale was influenced by composition, film thickness, ferroelectric domain structurers, and epitaxial strain. The insights provide structural design-rules of hafnia ferroelectrics and integration potential of improving device performance.