In an era marked by unstable international conditions and intensifying social conflicts, efforts toward peace research and peace education from diverse international contexts are increasingly demanded in order to pursue sustainable coexistence. Nevert...
In an era marked by unstable international conditions and intensifying social conflicts, efforts toward peace research and peace education from diverse international contexts are increasingly demanded in order to pursue sustainable coexistence. Nevertheless, peace education in Korea has long been regarded as synonymous with “unification education.” However, a negative peace perspective, narrowly focused on war, division, and unification, is insufficient for achieving broader social peacebuilding. Therefore, there is a pressing need to establish and implement a comprehensive understanding of peace and peace education that incorporates a positive peace perspective.
Accordingly, from the perspective of comprehensive peace education, this study aimed to examine how the 2022 revised Korean national elementary social studies and moral curriculum interprets and reflects peace education, and how teachers, as implementers of the curriculum, perceive “peace education” around the formal curriculum. The guiding questions of this study were: (1) How are the perspectives of a comprehensive peace reflected in the Korean national elementary social studies and moral curriculum? and (2) How do Korean elementary school teachers, as implementers of the curriculum, perceive peace education embedded in the curriculum? To address these questions, a qualitative research design was employed, using surveys, interviews, and curriculum analysis as detailed methods. The collected data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, with a focus on identifying themes emerging from the data.
The findings revealed three distinct approaches to peace education adopted by both the curriculum and teachers: disengagement, limited engagement, and conciliatory engagement. In the process of implementing peace education, various psychological and practical barriers functioned as factors that distanced both teachers and the curriculum from meaningful engagement with peace education. Furthermore, although positive peace perspectives were present in the social studies and moral curriculum, most teachers’ perceptions of peace and peace education were characterized by limited engagement, focused primarily on conflict resolution within a negative peace perspective. Nevertheless, the existence of substantial contents related to positive peace within the curriculum, alongside teachers’ recognition of the necessity to address positive peace in the curriculum for peacebuilding in society, suggests the potential for conciliatory engagement.
This thesis concludes by emphasizing the need to reconceptualize peace education within the Korean educational context. It also suggests the importance of institutional and legal support to promote meaningful practices of peace education. The implications of this study may contribute to enabling curriculum developers and policymakers to approach the reconceptualization of peace education in Korea from a broader perspective, and to provide teachers with insights that encourage their participation in more comprehensive forms of peace education, grounded in an understanding that the ultimate purpose of education lies in the promotion of peace in society.