Metal hydride-based hydrogen storage is a promising technology due to its high volumetric density and safety features. However, the poor thermal conductivity of the porous alloy bed and the highly exothermic nature of the hydrogenation reaction pose s...
Metal hydride-based hydrogen storage is a promising technology due to its high volumetric density and safety features. However, the poor thermal conductivity of the porous alloy bed and the highly exothermic nature of the hydrogenation reaction pose significant challenges to thermal management, often limiting the practical refueling rate. To address this issue, this study proposes a metal hydride reactor equipped with an internal forced gas circulation system, which enhances heat transfer by actively circulating hydrogen gas through the reactor bed.
To evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed system, a combined approach of experimental validation and three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation was employed. First, a lab-scale experimental setup using a TiMn2-based alloy was constructed. The experiments confirmed that forced circulation significantly suppresses the temperature rise compared to natural convection. Notably, tests with varying gas booster cycles (3 s vs. 5 s) demonstrated that a shorter cycle, corresponding to a higher circulation flow rate, resulted in superior thermal management and faster charging kinetics.
Subsequently, a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was proposed. A parametric study was then conducted to confirm the effects of coolant temperature (300 K vs. 280 K) and circulation mass flow rate (0.8 g/s vs. 0.4 g/s). The simulation results revealed that lowering the coolant temperature to 280 K improved the post-peak cooling rate, reducing the saturation time by 18.8% (940 s) compared to the reference case (1157 s). Conversely, reducing the flow rate to 0.4 g/s led to raise the equilibrium pressure and severely throttle the reaction, extending the refueling time to 3350 s.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that while lowering the coolant temperature offers supplementary benefits, ensuring a circulation flow rate above a critical threshold is the dominant design requirement to prevent ensure efficient operation of internal circulation metal hydride reactors.