In response to the global movement toward sustainable aviation and the rapid advancements in electrical components such as batteries, motors, and fuel cells, aircraft electrification has gained significant attention in recent years. Electrified aircra...
In response to the global movement toward sustainable aviation and the rapid advancements in electrical components such as batteries, motors, and fuel cells, aircraft electrification has gained significant attention in recent years. Electrified aircraft offer multiple advantages, including minimal to zero operational emissions, lower noise levels, enhanced safety, and improved aero-propulsive efficiency enabled by distributed electric propulsion. Accordingly, various electric aircraft have been developed, are currently under development, or have been conceptually proposed by major aerospace companies, startups, and research institutions worldwide.
The principal drawback of these potential aircraft is their limited range and endurance when carrying a practical payload. This limitation stems mainly from the heavyweight of its propulsion system. Most electric aircraft employ battery or hydrogen fuel cell systems for propulsion, both of which are substantially heavier than conventional combustion engines, typically accounting for 30–50% of the aircraft’s total weight. Therefore, accurately estimating the performance and weight of the electric propulsion system is essential in the design of electric aircraft.
To this end, a systematically formulated and physics-based design approach is required for the battery and fuel cell systems to ensure that their unique physical properties and subsystem requirements are properly reflected in the overall design process. Specifically, the battery system design must ensure that the battery’s key constraints remain within allowable limits, while accounting for the additional power demand and component weight introduced by the thermal management system. For the fuel cell system, the design must consider the additional power demand and weight associated with the balance of plant (BoP), the tightly coupled interactions among the system components, and the inherently iterative resizing between the stack and the BoP. This doctoral research was initiated in light of the aforementioned background, and its core contributions are summarized as follows:
1. Development of Battery System Design Methodology: Physics-based, systematically formulated methodologies for air- and liquid-cooled battery system design were developed, considering key battery constraints and the additional power and weight introduced by the BTMS. These methodologies enable reliable battery system design results for electrified aircraft and allow quantitative comparison of battery systems with different thermal management approaches.
2. Development of Fuel Cell System Design Methodology: A physically grounded and realistic fuel cell system design methodology was developed, considering the BoP power demand and weight, tightly coupled component interactions, and the inherently iterative resizing between the stack and BoP. This methodology enables credible fuel cell system design results for electrified aircraft.
3. Provide Physically Reliable and Realistic Design Results and Knowledge: The proposed methods were applied to electric aircraft sizing, including application to a fuel cell-battery hybrid system, yielding physically reliable and realistic design results under various operating conditions. Through these applications, the methods demonstrated their versatility and practical applicability to diverse electric propulsion systems, showing their potential to serve as reliable design frameworks for conceptual and preliminary design of electrified aircraft.