Unmet health care needs refer to situations in which individuals fail to receive appropriate medical services when needed and are therefore considered an important public health indicator directly linked to health outcomes. Single-person households wi...
Unmet health care needs refer to situations in which individuals fail to receive appropriate medical services when needed and are therefore considered an important public health indicator directly linked to health outcomes. Single-person households with hypertension represent a vulnerable population because they simultaneously exhibit characteristics of chronic disease patients and those living alone, giving them distinct needs compared to the general adult population. Although they require continuous and repeated medical care, they are more prone to experiencing unmet health care needs due to multiple factors such as economic vulnerability, limited support systems, and insufficient access to health-related information. Accordingly, this study viewed single-person adults with hypertension as a vulnerable group in terms of health service utilization and aimed to analyze their unmet health care needs and underlying reasons based on the Gelberg-Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations.
This descriptive correlational study utilized secondary data from the 2023 Community Health Survey. The final sample consisted of 16,167 adults aged 19 years or older who were diagnosed with hypertension by a physician and were living alone. The dependent variable was unmet health care needs during the past year. Independent variables were classified into traditional and vulnerable domains of the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, each consisting of predisposing, enabling, and need factors. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted to examine the relationship between participant characteristics and unmet health care needs. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify influencing factors.
The results indicated that 7.5% of the participants experienced unmet health care needs. The primary reasons included financial burden (25.3%), time constraints (21.6%), physical limitations (18.8%), and perceptions of mild symptoms (16.9%). Factors associated with a higher likelihood of unmet needs within the traditional domain included being female, middle-aged, having lower monthly income, experiencing higher levels of perceived stress, and having depressive symptoms. Within the vulnerable domain, dissatisfaction with local medical services, lack of awareness of one’s blood pressure level, and poorer subjective health status were identified as significant predictors of unmet needs.
Unmet health care needs among single-person adults with hypertension were closely related not only to traditional factors identified in previous studies but also to vulnerable-domain factors reflecting the characteristics of at-risk populations. In particular, financial barriers to medical care, satisfaction with community medical environments, and awareness of one’s health and health management emerged as factors requiring priority consideration in policies aimed at improving health care access. Based on these findings, this study suggests strengthening tailored support, reorganizing community-based health care services, and enhancing education and information provision regarding health management.