This study begins with the critical awareness that women’s narratives in existing scholarship on Park Hwaseong have not been sufficiently interpreted. Its aim is to uncover the narrative characteristics of women’s experiences as represented in Par...
This study begins with the critical awareness that women’s narratives in existing scholarship on Park Hwaseong have not been sufficiently interpreted. Its aim is to uncover the narrative characteristics of women’s experiences as represented in Park Hwaseong’s works in the 1930s. Although these works encompass multiple oppressive structure—colonial, class, and gender—Park still consistently positions women’s oppression at the core of her narratives, integrating other forms of oppression based on this foundation in an organic manner. On this basis, this study adopts feminist intersectionality as its analytical framework and establishes two main streams of analysis: the intersectional relations within structures of oppression and the process through which female subjectivity is formed.
Chapter 2 examines the formation and characteristics of women’s narratives in Park’s early works through an analysis of Park’s life and her short fictions of the 1930’s. Chapter 2, Section 1 demonstrates that Park’s awareness of women’s issues was grounded in her concrete life experiences, as evidenced through her life in childhood and youth, literary activities, and essays. These narratives confirm the emergence of a developmental trajectory of female subjectivity, which eventually links to the pursuit of class liberation. Chapter 2, Section 2 identifies 1935 as a turning point at which Park shifts her narrative focus from women intellectuals to lower-class women. Beyond merely revealing such realities, Park explores diverse possibilities of women’s liberation by portraying female characters who seek to preserve their subjectivity through resistance and escape.
Chapter 3 focuses on Park’s first full-length novel, Baekhwa (1932), and analyzes the structures of oppression embedded in the social status system from an intersectional perspective. Chapter 3, Section 1 examines the narrative representation of gender oppression inflicted by men in positions of power upon Baekhwa and other women of subordinate status, patriarchal oppression within the family order, and oppression exerted by religious authority, while also integrating class conflict between landlords and peasants into this structure. The analysis confirms that status, gender, and class operate not as separate layers but as mutually constitutive and interwoven structures. Chapter 3, Section 2 compares patterns of resistance among female characters, demonstrating that Baekhwa—who has received education and developed critical awareness—deepens her individual resistance in response to escalating oppression and subsequently expands it into collective practice with other oppressed individuals. Through this process, the narrative explores the possibility of a community that transcends status, gender, and class. This development can be interpreted as a continuation of the interconnection between class liberation and women’s liberation embedded in Park’s short fiction prior to 1935.
Chapter 4 centers on Park’s second full-length novel, The Dawn of the Northern Country(1935), published after Baekhwa, and offers a concentrated analysis of the forms of oppression faced by women intellectuals within the social structure of colonial Korea. Chapter 4, Section 1 argues that while the novel foregrounds gender oppression as a central issue, it does so not through overt violence but through the internalization of chastity ideology and gendered division of labor mediated by romance and marriage. This narrative shift can also be understood in relation to Park’s own experiences of gendered power as a woman writer following the publication of Baekhwa. Chapter 4, Section 2 analyzes the three escape narratives of the protagonist Hyosun alongside the role of education, demonstrating that escape functions as a subjective act of refusal against an improper position, while education provides the cognitive foundation that enables such refusal. Through this analysis, Park can be evaluated as a writer who narratively explores the possibility of forming female subjectivity through repeated acts of refusal and escape within a persistent structure of gender oppression.
This study seeks to reexamine Park’s literature of the 1930s as a dynamic narrative of women’s oppression and resistance. In her early works, Park explored the formation of female subjectivity through an awareness of class liberation; she later shifted toward reconstructing subjectivity through the refusal of unjust orders and escape from prescribed positions. This trajectory suggests the necessity of understanding women’s liberation not as a completed state but as an ongoing process of practice. Accordingly, this study moves beyond class-centered interpretive frameworks and places the narrative articulation of women’s experiences at the center of analysis, thereby exploring new possibilities for interpreting Park’s literature.