Background: Obesity has become a major health burden and a key driver of chronic diseases. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity and induces marked metabolic changes. The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms, and growi...
Background: Obesity has become a major health burden and a key driver of chronic diseases. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity and induces marked metabolic changes. The human body hosts trillions of microorganisms, and growing evidence links obesity to alterations in the human microbiota. Microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play roles in host–microbiome communication by delivering RNA and other molecular cargos that could influence immunity and metabolism. Because bariatric surgery reshapes both host metabolism and gut microbiota, it offers a unique opportunity to examine shifts in microbial EV RNA composition. Yet, circulating microbiome-derived EV RNAs have not been studied in pre- and post-bariatric surgery patients.
Objective: This study aims to profile bariatric surgery–associated changes in the microbiome-derived RNA cargo of circulating extracellular vesicles(Cir-EVs) in obese patients. Therefore, we sought to examine changes in the abundance of human microbiome species before and after bariatric surgery using circulating EV RNAs, and to investigate the characteristics of Cir-EV RNA content to better elucidate the roles of circulating EVs.
Methods: Cir-EVs were first isolated from serum samples of each group (healthy control, pre-surgery, and post-surgery) using a PEG precipitation buffer, followed by RNA extraction and RNA sequencing. The resulting sequences were aligned to the Human Microbiome Reference Genome (HRGM/HROM) to identify the dominant microbial species. Among these species, E. coli was found to be relatively abundant, and thus the laboratory substrain E. coli DH5α was selected as a reference model to further characterize Cir-EV RNA features. To determine whether Cir-EV RNAs contain microbiome gene-derived sequences, additional analyses were performed using the NCBI BLAST database.
Results: Mapping Cir-EV RNAs to the human microbiome reference genome revealed changes in microbiome species abundance before and after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, BLAST analysis confirmed that Cir-EV RNAs contain known gene RNAs and unknown gene RNAs originating from human microbiome species.