This dissertation aims to clarify how Brecht’s theatrical theory has been received and practically transformed in modern Chinese theatre since the 1980s. Rather than reducing Brecht’s reception in China to a simple relation of influence or an outc...
This dissertation aims to clarify how Brecht’s theatrical theory has been received and practically transformed in modern Chinese theatre since the 1980s. Rather than reducing Brecht’s reception in China to a simple relation of influence or an outcome of imitation, this study seeks to understand it as a process in which a foreign theory is reinterpreted under specific historical and cultural conditions and reconfigured within creative practice. To this end, the dissertation addresses the following research questions: (1) What are the key concepts of Brecht’s theatrical theory, and how has the Chinese theatre community received them? (2) What theoretical and aesthetic transformations emerged in the course of reception, and how did they reshape creative tendencies and formal experimentation in modern Chinese theatre? (3) How is the reception of Brecht’s theory connected to the re-recognition of traditional Chinese opera and the ways it has been utilised? Methodologically, this study combines literature review with case analysis. It first systematises the major arguments of Brecht’s theatrical theory and identifies the alienation effect as its theoretical core. It then examines how Brecht’s theory was received in European and American theatre, confirming that even the same theory can be transformed in different ways depending on the cultural and political conditions of each society. Building on this discussion, the dissertation traces the pathways through which Brecht’s theory was introduced and became established in China. In the case studies, it focuses on “exploratory theatre” in the 1980s and “avant-garde theatre” since the 1990s, investigating how Brechtian theory, through processes of selection and adjustment in the creative field, was realised as specific aesthetic orientations and artistic styles. The analysis shows that Brecht’s reception in the Chinese theatre world did not unfold uniformly in a single mode; rather, it was reinterpreted and implemented in diverse ways according to individual works and creative trends. Such reinterpretations were driven by the aesthetic demands and practical conditions of the production context. As a result, Brecht’s theory functioned not merely as a model to be reproduced, but as a catalyst for creative transformation in modern Chinese theatre. These patterns of transformation can be summarised in three conclusions. First, the reception of Brecht’s theory provided significant impetus for the modernisation of Chinese theatre. In this process, Chinese theatre began to stage human spiritual life and psychological states more actively, and it also created conditions for theatre to partially move away from a tendency to be wholly subordinated to ideological functions. Second, the use of the alienation effect facilitated an expansion of expressive modes, laying the groundwork for Chinese theatre to depart from realist-centred representation and to pursue a broad range of formal experiments. Third, the reception of Brecht’s theory enabled the Chinese theatre community to re-recognise traditional Chinese opera as a core resource for modern creation. Accordingly, Chinese theatre sought a direction that both reinforced national characteristics and carried out modern experimentation by widely appropriating and reconfiguring the expressive techniques of traditional theatre. The significance of this study lies in concretising the reception of Brecht’s theory not as a simple relation of influence, but as a process in which a foreign theory is reinterpreted and transformed within Chinese theatrical practice, thereby promoting self-renewal and development. Through this approach, the dissertation is expected to provide an analytical framework and concrete cases that may serve as references for subsequent research on the modernity of modern Chinese theatre. Keywords: Brecht; modern Chinese theatre; reception; alienation effect; modernisation