This study examined the effects of Socio-scientific Issues (SSI)-based environmental debate classes on changes in environmental awareness among elementary school students, with a particular focus on gender differences. The participants were two sixth-...
This study examined the effects of Socio-scientific Issues (SSI)-based environmental debate classes on changes in environmental awareness among elementary school students, with a particular focus on gender differences. The participants were two sixth-grade classes from an elementary school located in Busan, South Korea. The SSI-based environmental debate program was designed and implemented over six class sessions, consisting of three themes—plastic use, climate change, and edible insects as future food sources—with two sessions allocated to each theme.
Pre- and post-tests were conducted to assess students’ environmental literacy and climate change awareness. Based on the results of normality tests, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group comparisons, and the Mann– Whitney U test was applied for comparisons between gender groups. In addition, qualitative analyses were conducted on students’ responses to the climate change awareness questionnaire and their written argumentative statements produced during the debate activities to explore changes in perceptions and patterns of claims and evidence by gender.
The results of the study are as follows. First, students’ overall environmental literacy showed a statistically significant improvement after participating in the SSI-based environmental debate classes, with particularly notable gains in the functional skills and participation and action domains. Second, while no significant gender differences were observed before the intervention, female students demonstrated greater improvements in environmental literacy than male students after the intervention. Third, the climate change awareness survey revealed that students’ understanding of the definition and causes of climate change became more concrete, and an increasing number of students associated climate change with changes in their daily lives. Moreover, students tended to perceive climate change as a realistic and urgent issue that requires immediate action. Fourth, qualitative analysis of the debate activities indicated that male students tended to focus on exploring diverse evidence and forming logical connections, whereas female students expanded their thinking toward empathy and practice-oriented values.
These findings suggest that SSI-based environmental debate classes are effective in enhancing elementary students’ environmental literacy and highlight the importance of environmental education that takes gender-based differences in learning responses into account. This study proposes SSI-based environmental education as a practical example of ecological citizenship education that integrates knowledge, attitudes, and action.