This study aims to comprehensively analyze the current status of Korea’s elderly welfare and education systems amid rapid population aging and to propose an integrated framework for their improvement. As of 2024, individuals aged 65 and older accoun...
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the current status of Korea’s elderly welfare and education systems amid rapid population aging and to propose an integrated framework for their improvement. As of 2024, individuals aged 65 and older account for more than 20.3% of Korea’s total population, officially marking the country’s transition into a super-aged society. This pace of demographic aging is the fastest among OECD member states. Such rapid demographic change has intensified socioeconomic challenges, including increased fiscal pressure, elderly poverty, and intergenerational inequality. In this context, existing welfare-centered policy approaches have revealed clear limitations. In particular, current elderly welfare policies remain heavily focused on income security and caregiving, making it difficult to achieve broader goals such as improving quality of life and promoting meaningful social participation. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift from passive welfare provision toward an “active ageing” approach that supports autonomy, lifelong learning, and social engagement among older adults.
This study employs a mixed-methods approach combining literature review, statistical analysis, and comparative policy analysis. Domestically, empirical data from Statistics Korea, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Ministry of Education are analyzed to examine income structures, employment conditions, and educational participation among older adults. Internationally, the study compares elderly welfare and lifelong education policies in Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. The findings reveal several structural weaknesses in Korea’s elderly education system: (1) a low participation rate in lifelong learning (24.8% as of 2024); (2) an overemphasis on leisure-oriented programs; (3) insufficient legal and institutional foundations; (4) shortages of financial resources and professional personnel; and (5) a lack of inter-ministerial coordination. As a result, elderly education remains marginal, functioning largely as an auxiliary welfare service rather than as a pathway toward self-realization or active social participation.
To address these challenges, this study proposes several policy directions. First, the Elderly Welfare Act and the Lifelong Education Act should be systematically restructured to establish a coherent legal and administrative foundation. Second, a multi-level governance framework should be developed in which the central government provides institutional direction while local governments and private organizations autonomously implement programs. Third, educational content should shift from leisure-oriented activities toward practical and competency-based learning, including digital literacy, reemployment skills, and community engagement. Fourth, sustainable funding mechanisms and professional workforce development systems must be established to ensure the continuity and quality of educational programs. Finally, an integrated model linking welfare facilities, lifelong learning centers, universities, and local community resources should be constructed to organically connect welfare and education services.
In conclusion, this study argues that integrating elderly welfare and education is essential for enhancing the sustainability of Korea’s super-aged society. Beyond basic income protection, national policy must foster an environment in which older adults can continue to learn, participate, and maintain dignity as active social actors. Such an approach can strengthen intergenerational solidarity, promote social integration, and reduce long-term welfare dependency, thereby contributing to the development of a sustainable and inclusive Korean model of aging policy.