Objective
The study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent ameliorating effects of Astragali Radix (AR) aqueous extracts on the vitamin D3-induced calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) mouse model, and to explore possible mechanisms involving oxidativ...
Objective
The study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent ameliorating effects of Astragali Radix (AR) aqueous extracts on the vitamin D3-induced calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) mouse model, and to explore possible mechanisms involving oxidative stress, as part of developing a novel alternative agent for CAVD.
Methods
Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to six groups (n=10) based on the individual body weight deviations. CAVD was induced by subcutaneous injection of vitamin D3 (6.5×10⁵ IU/kg), once a day for 3 days, from 1 hour before initial administration of the test articles. AR aqueous extracts (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) or simvastatin (10 mg/kg) were administered orally, once a day for 7 days, from 1 hour after first vitamin D3 injection. Mortality, body weight and gain, heart weight, heart calcium content, heart mRNA expression, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense indicators, and histopathological changes in the heart - aortic valve regions were evaluated.
Results
In the vitamin D3 control group, relative heart weight, calcium deposition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and mRNA expression of RANKL, OPG, BMP-2, and NFκB were significantly increased. In contrast, body weight, antioxidant defenses (GSH, CAT, SOD), and mRNA expression of MGP and Nrf2 were significantly decreased, with histopathological changes such as valve thickening, inflammatory infiltration, and linear calcium deposits. These pathological changes were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by AR aqueous extract treatment at all doses. Notably, AR aqueous extract 200 mg/kg showed comparable efficacy to simvastatin (10 mg/kg), and the 400 mg/kg dose showed slightly greater inhibitory effect.
Conclusion
In the current study, oral administration of AR aqueous extracts showed significant and dose-dependent inhibitory activities against vitamin D3-induced CAVD mouse model, through ectopic calcification inhibitory activities, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant activities. Therefore, it is strongly expected that appropriate oral administration of AR aqueous extract can be a novel potent alternative agent on the various ectopic calcification related organ damages including CAVD, warranting further bioactive compound screening researches, systemic mechanism studies, further animal studies, and proper clinical trials.