Biodiversity loss, climate change, and environmental pollution constitute the three major environmental crises of the contemporary world. As environmental issues have become increasingly prominent, global environmental governance has emerged as a core...
Biodiversity loss, climate change, and environmental pollution constitute the three major environmental crises of the contemporary world. As environmental issues have become increasingly prominent, global environmental governance has emerged as a core agenda parallel to politics and economics. Unlike the post-established global political and economic systems, the global environmental system is innate and shared by all humankind. However, due to disparities in national development levels, divergent policy goals, and unequal distribution of environmental degradation and improvement across countries, coordinating international action has become a central challenge in global environmental governance.
As the world’s largest developing country and the second-largest economy, China’s participation in global environmental governance carries significant implications. Nevertheless, existing scholarship on China’s role in this domain has primarily focused on its climate change policies, with limited attention to its concrete role in global biodiversity governance—particularly in the context of international negotiation practices, which remain underexplored.
This study takes China’s participation in global biodiversity conservation as a case to systematically examine its role perception and role performance in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), its two key Protocols, and the formulation process of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. It summarizes China’s contributions and limitations in global biodiversity governance and proposes relevant policy recommendations. Theoretically, the research integrates Role Theory and Interdependence Theory, introducing the political process module from Interdependence Theory as a pathway for role practice. This innovation compensates for the lack of a practical dimension in traditional Role Theory and constructs a broadly applicable analytical framework.
The findings reveal that China’s role in global biodiversity conservation has evolved from that of a “recipient of assistance” to a “contributor,” and further into a “global power” characterized by its developing-country identity. As the presidency of the Fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the CBD, China demonstrated strong coordination capacity and promoted consensus in negotiations. However, certain limitations persist—particularly in policy conceptualization, agenda-setting power, connections with scientific organizations, and professional human resource capacity—which constrain its influence in global environmental governance. To address these gaps, the study proposes strengthening the integration of traditional Chinese thought—especially Daoist ecological philosophy—into environmental policy frameworks, enhancing collaboration with international scientific bodies, and cultivating specialized talent.
In sum, this research enriches the theoretical dimensions of Role Theory and extends the explanatory capacity of international relations theory regarding state role practices through the construction of a new analytical approach. The findings offer a fresh perspective on understanding China’s role in global biodiversity governance and provide valuable insights for both theoretical development and policy practice in global environmental governance.