SelfObject Failure and the Function of Art: An Analysis of Vincent van Gogh’s Life and Self-Portraits Based on Kohut’s Theory Yu, seong-ha Department of Counseling Psychology Graduate School of Christian Counseling Honam Theological University &am...
SelfObject Failure and the Function of Art: An Analysis of Vincent van Gogh’s Life and Self-Portraits Based on Kohut’s Theory Yu, seong-ha Department of Counseling Psychology Graduate School of Christian Counseling Honam Theological University & Seminary The purpose of this study is to explore the function of art in maintaining and restoring an individual’s self-system by analyzing Vincent van Gogh’s self-portraits from the perspective of Heinz Kohut’s Self Psychology. Moving beyond the conventional view that reduces self-portraits to mere external descriptions or autobiographical records, this study deeply examines how artworks functioned as ‘selfObjects’ amidst van Gogh's internal conflicts and emotional turbulence. To this end, the study selected three works created between 1888 and 1889 for analysis: Self-Portrait as a Painter (1888), Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe (1889), and Self-Portrait (1889). A psychobiographical approach, a qualitative research method, was utilized. Specifically, by synthesizing van Gogh’s letters, biographical records, and existing research in the psychology of art, this study analyzed the selfobject failures related to mirroring, idealizing, and twinship in his life and investigated how his self-portraits hermeneutically compensated for these deficits. The results interpret van Gogh’s self-portraits as psychological mechanisms that functioned to maintain self-cohesion and prevent fragmentation amidst selfobject failures and internal tension, going beyond simple representation. First, Self-Portrait as a Painter (1888) reveals both the attempt to establish an identity as a painter and incomplete self-cohesion, appearing to perform a mirroring selfobject function for the artist himself. Second, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear and Pipe (1889) is seen as a compensatory effort to maintain self organization amidst a crisis of self-fragmentation, serving as an idealizing selfobject that prevented collapse and soothed the self. Third, Self-Portrait (1889), in which internal anxiety and the struggle to maintain self-form coexist, is interpreted as performing an idealizing selfobject function that soothed his anxiety by empathetically reflecting self-disintegration and reconstruction. In summary, van Gogh’s self-portraits were selfobjects that responded to his self-state at each period, aiding in the maintenance and reorganization of self-cohesion amidst the threat of self-fragmentation. This suggests that artworks can serve as alternative pathways to compensate for selfobject failures not met in human relationships. In conclusion, this study proposes understanding artistic creation as a dynamic process of self-restoration, moving beyond the perspective that reduces it to pathological symptoms. Such an interdisciplinary approach offers significant theoretical and clinical implications for understanding the artist’s inner world and the creative process. Keywords: Van Gogh, Self-Portrait, Self Psychology, SelfObject, Art