Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries, ensuring their safety, durability, and sustainability remains a critical challenge. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as safer and more durable alternatives to the conventional liquid e...
Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries, ensuring their safety, durability, and sustainability remains a critical challenge. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have emerged as safer and more durable alternatives to the conventional liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, offering added advantages such as flexibility, ease of thin-film processing, and mechanical stability. To achieve high lithium-ion conductivity, good interfacial adhesion, and mechanical integrity, crosslinked rubbery polymers with low glass transition temperatures are commonly employed as SPEs. However, their permanent crosslinks hinder reprocessability and recyclability. To overcome limitations, poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE)-based covalent adaptable networks (CANs) were developed in this work as fully recyclable, catalyst-free, highly adhesive, and resilient SPEs. The adhesive properties, dynamic bond exchange characteristics, and lithium-ion conductivity of PBAE CANs with varying crosslink densities are systematically investigated. The resulting PBAE-CAN-based SPEs exhibit exceptional adhesive properties, recyclability, and an ionic conductivity of approximately 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature, which can be further enhanced by an order of magnitude with the addition of a plasticizer. Long-term performance at room temperature demonstrated stable operation
for over 1,000 h without internal short circuits, attributed to the excellent creep recovery of the SPE below the topology freezing transition temperature, where significant dynamic bond exchange begins. Furthermore, full cell tests with LiFePO4 (LFP) ‖ Li configurations demonstrated the practical viability of the electrolyte, showing stable rate performance and excellent capacity retention even after cycling at high C-rates. To further demonstrate sustainability, the SPE was successfully reprocessed, enabling smooth reuse. Furthermore, eco-friendly depolymerization and recovery of lithium salt from the used PBAE CAN-based SPE were also demonstrated.