The purpose of this study is to diagnose the structural limitations faced by urban small manufacturers within the rapidly changing digital media ecosystem and to seek effective policy support measures based on digital media. The study departs from the...
The purpose of this study is to diagnose the structural limitations faced by urban small manufacturers within the rapidly changing digital media ecosystem and to seek effective policy support measures based on digital media. The study departs from the critical perspective that, in a complex situation characterized by an aging population, generational disconnection, and a crisis in skill transmission, policies must shift from existing livelihood-centered and short-term approaches to structural and long-term transitions utilizing digital media to re-establish urban small manufacturers as sustainable industrial subjects.
To this end, this study conducted a survey of urban small manufacturers nationwide without regional restrictions and used 201 reliability-verified responses collected online and offline for the final analysis. The key variables of the study were set as digital media usage characteristics, digital media competence, educational opportunities, satisfaction with small manufacturer support policies, and business performance, upon which an empirical analysis was performed.
The analysis results clearly demonstrated the severity of the structural crisis through the demographic characteristics of urban small manufacturers. In terms of gender distribution, males accounted for the majority at 63.2%, which is interpreted as a reflection of the manufacturing-centered physical labor environment. By age group, those in their 60s or older accounted for 63.6% of the total, confirming that the aging of the urban small manufacturer class is at a very serious level. In particular, the complete absence of respondents in their 20s signifies that the influx of youth has effectively been severed, acting as a structural risk factor that could lead to a discontinuity of skills and industrial extinction in the long term.
Regarding the duration of business operation, long-term operators with more than 10 years of experience accounted for an overwhelming 75.1%, indicating that the urban small manufacturer ecosystem is maintained by the long-term survival of existing practitioners rather than new startups. By industry, manufacturing accounted for the majority; however, it was confirmed that a mixed form of manufacturing, distribution, sales, and service is common in the field. This suggests that the existing segmented policy system by industry fails to sufficiently reflect actual conditions.
In terms of operational form, single-person businesses accounted for the highest proportion at 58.7%, while the rate of family succession was only 2.0%. This is a significant result showing that despite the high policy demands of aging small manufacturers, skill transmission and generational replacement are not institutionally supported. Notably, the high proportion of single-person manufacturers implies a limitation in that existing policies centered on collective and long-term education are realistically difficult for them to participate in.
The empirical analysis results revealed that responsiveness to digital media environmental changes, digital media utilization competence, and digital media educational opportunities have a statistically significant positive (+) influence on business performance. Furthermore, it was confirmed that support policies for small manufacturers have a moderating effect on the relationship between the digital media environment and business performance. This implies that performance can be maximized when the utilization of digital media itself is combined with supportive policies.
Based on these analysis results, this study suggests five directions for improving urban small manufacturer policies. First, an aging-responsive customized policy system must be established to shift the policy goal from simple livelihood support to intergenerational connection and technology transfer. Second, to promote the influx of youth, policies that lower entry barriers, such as short-term experiential internships, technology-based startup linkages, and joint operation models, are necessary. Third, a system must be established where the public sector institutionally supports family succession and technology transfer, rather than leaving it to individual choice. Fourth, reflecting the reality of single-person manufacturers, visiting education, online/mobile-based participation, and short-term modular support programs should be expanded. Fifth, the policy paradigm must be shifted to an integrated production-distribution-sales support system that considers the characteristics of mixed-industry small manufacturers.
In addition, through the analysis of prior research, it was confirmed that urban small manufacturer policies require a transition to generation-connecting policies, the platformization of cluster and spatial policies, customized education with field coordinator placement, and a modular expansion structure for regional specialization policies. These are presented as core tasks to overcome the limitations of short-term and physical support-centered policies and to build a sustainable industrial ecosystem.
In conclusion, this study empirically verified that urban small manufacturers are not merely small-scale self-employed individuals but industrial subjects placed within a structural crisis of aging and technological disconnection. Future policies for urban small manufacturers must transition toward connecting people, technology, and generations through the medium of digital media. Through this, urban small manufacturers can be redefined not as a declining industry but as a future-oriented regional industry. This study holds academic and policy significance in that it provides foundational data for such a policy transition.