은퇴자 마을 이주 의향 및 이주 가능 이동 거리에 관한 실증 연구 = An empirical study on migration intentions to retirement villages and residential mobility distance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to empirically examine the determinants of migration intentions to retirement villages and the residential mobility distance among middle-aged and pre-retirement households residing in the Seoul metropolitan area. As population aging accelerates in South Korea, retirement villages have emerged as an alternative residential option; however, empirical research on how far potential residents are willing to relocate and what factors influence such decisions remains limited. In particular, previous studies have tended to focus on relocation intention alone, without sufficiently addressing the spatial dimension of relocation distance as an independent decision outcome.
To address this gap, this study conceptualizes acceptable relocation distance not merely as a physical measure, but as a composite outcome reflecting psychological adaptability, locational preferences, and economic considerations. Based on prior theories of residential mobility, including push–pull theory and behavioral decision-making approaches, a research model was established incorporating locational factors (accessibility, natural environment), housing facility factors (comfort, economic feasibility, asset value), operational factors (operational trust), family proximity, and psychological adaptability to a new living environment.
Survey data were collected from 400 middle-aged respondents aged 45–64 living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The analysis proceeded in two stages. First, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the direct and indirect relationships among retirement village selection factors, psychological adaptability, relocation intention, and acceptable relocation distance. Second, multiple regression analysis was conducted to further explore the determinants of acceptable relocation distance, allowing for a more detailed interpretation of directionality and effect size. This combined analytical approach enhances both theoretical coherence and interpretive clarity.
The results are summarized as follows. First, operational trust was identified as the most significant determinant of migration intentions. Second, regarding the acceptable relocation distance, the results indicate a dynamic trade-off between expansion-oriented and anchoring factors. Comfort and psychological adaptability were found to significantly increase acceptable relocation distance, suggesting that individuals who value a high-quality living environment and possess greater confidence in adapting to new surroundings are more willing to relocate farther from their current residence. In contrast, accessibility and asset value exerted significant negative effects, indicating that concerns over medical access, daily convenience, and property value preservation tend to constrain relocation distance. Importantly, psychological adaptability played a mediating role between retirement village selection factors and relocation outcomes, confirming its central function in the residential decision-making process.
These findings suggest that retirement village planning should move beyond a one-dimensional focus on proximity and instead adopt differentiated location strategies that balance environmental quality, accessibility, and economic stability. This study contributes to the literature by empirically distinguishing migration intentions from acceptable relocation distance and by demonstrating the structural role of psychological adaptability in later-life residential mobility decisions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 01
• 제1절 연구 배경 및 목적 01
• 1. 연구 배경 01
• 2. 연구 목적 05
• 제2절 연구 범위 및 방법 06
• 1. 연구 범위 06
• 2. 연구 방법 08
• 제2장 이론적 배경 및 선행 연구 고찰 12
• 제1절 은퇴자의 주거 이동 12
• 1. 은퇴자 마을의 개념 및 유형 12
• 2. 주거 이동의 개념 18
• 3. 주거 이동의 선택 및 결정 과정 20
• 제2절 은퇴자 마을 개발 사례 27
• 1. 미국의 개발 사례 29
• 2. 일본의 개발 사례 38
• 3. 은퇴자 마을의 국내 개발 사례 48
• 4. 국내외 은퇴자 마을 개발 사례의 종합 시사점 64
• 제3절 은퇴자 마을 관련 선행 연구 65
• 1. 은퇴자 마을 주거지역 선택 요인에 관한 연구 65
• 2. 이주 의향 및 이주 가능 이동 거리에 관한 연구 72
• 3. 선행 연구와의 차별성 74
• 제3장 연구 설계 76
• 제1절 분석의 틀 76
• 1. 연구모형 76
• 2. 연구 가설 설정 80
• 제2절 설문 문항의 구성 및 조작적 정의 84
• 1. 조사 개요 84
• 2. 설문 문항 구성 및 변수의 조작적 정의 85
• 제3절 분석 방법 89
• 1. 구조방정식 모형 89
• 2. 분석 절차 90
• 제4장 실증 분석 93
• 제1절 표본의 일반적 특성 93
• 1. 인구 사회학적 특성 93
• 2. 주요 변수의 기술 통계 95
• 제2절 측정 도구 검증 결과 99
• 1. 요인분석 및 신뢰도 분석 99
• 2. 상관관계 분석 103
• 제3절 연구 가설 검증 결과 106
• 1. 확인적 요인분석 106
• 2. 구조모형 분석 111
• 3. 매개효과 검증 115
• 4. 연구모형의 가설 검증 118
• 제4절 이주 가능 이동 거리에 대한 분석 119
• 1. 변수 및 분석 방법 119
• 2. 이주 가능 이동 거리의 기술 통계 및 분포 120
• 3. 이주 가능 이동 거리 영향 요인 122
• 제5절 분석 결과 및 시사점 127
• 1. 분석 결과 127
• 2. 연구의 시사점 130
• 제5장 결론 136
• 제1절 연구의 종합적 결론 136
• 제2절 연구의 한계 및 향후 제언 137
• 참고문헌 139
• 부록 147
• ABSTRACT 158