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    도심지 지반침하의 공간적 특성에 따른 영향 요인 분석 및 위험 예측 모델 구축 = Analysis of influencing factors and development of a risk prediction model for urban ground subsidence based on spatial characteristics

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17407180

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    This study aims to analyze urban ground subsidence in Seoul from a multi-scale spatial perspective and to develop a localized probability-based risk prediction model. While ground subsidence incidents have repeatedly occurred in Seoul, existing management approaches have largely relied on aggregated administrative-unit analyses or post-event responses, limiting their capacity to capture localized risk patterns. To address this limitation, this study systematically examines spatial dependence and scale effects of ground subsidence and identifies key influencing factors according to different spatial units.
    The analysis covers the entire Seoul metropolitan area, using geocoded point-based subsidence occurrence data. The research proceeds in three stages. First, polygon-based analyses at the administrative-dong level are conducted to identify global spatial patterns and to verify the limitations of aggregated spatial units. Second, spatial regression models are employed to investigate spatial autocorrelation and macro-level influences on subsidence occurrence. Third, a point-based binary logistic regression model is constructed to predict localized subsidence probability, and a ground subsidence risk probability map is generated for Seoul.
    The polygon-level analysis reveals significant spatial clustering of ground subsidence occurrences, confirmed through Moran’s I and LISA statistics. However, the results also demonstrate the limitations of aggregated analyses due to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which obscures intra-area risk heterogeneity. Although spatial regression models confirm strong spatial dependence, macro-scale factors alone are insufficient to explain individual subsidence events.
    To overcome these limitations, the study focuses on point-based modeling using localized explanatory variables. Independent variables are constructed by integrating natural environmental factors, urban physical characteristics, and underground infrastructure attributes. In particular, a composite sewer risk index is developed by combining sewer age, diameter, and material characteristics. Variables representing subway line classification, distance to subway lines, and building density are also incorporated.
    Through stepwise variable selection, four key variables—composite sewer risk, subway line classification, building density, and distance to subway lines—are identified as significant predictors. The final binary logistic regression model is statistically robust, with an omnibus test significant at the 1% level and a Nagelkerke of 0.324, accounting for approximately 32.4% of the variance in ground subsidence occurrences. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test confirms good model fit, and the overall classification accuracy reaches 85.7%, which is acceptable for rare-event prediction.
    Based on the estimated probabilities, a ground subsidence risk probability map is produced for Seoul. High-risk areas are found to be locally concentrated in densely developed zones with aging sewer networks and close proximity to subway lines, rather than being confined within administrative boundaries. This finding underscores the necessity of moving beyond administrative-unit-based management toward risk-oriented spatial governance.
    In conclusion, this study empirically demonstrates the limitations of polygon-based analyses and highlights the critical importance of point-based localized modeling for urban ground subsidence risk prediction. The proposed probability-based model and risk map provide a practical analytical foundation for proactive subsidence prevention and targeted urban safety management in Seoul.
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    This study aims to analyze urban ground subsidence in Seoul from a multi-scale spatial perspective and to develop a localized probability-based risk prediction model. While ground subsidence incidents have repeatedly occurred in Seoul, existing manage...

    This study aims to analyze urban ground subsidence in Seoul from a multi-scale spatial perspective and to develop a localized probability-based risk prediction model. While ground subsidence incidents have repeatedly occurred in Seoul, existing management approaches have largely relied on aggregated administrative-unit analyses or post-event responses, limiting their capacity to capture localized risk patterns. To address this limitation, this study systematically examines spatial dependence and scale effects of ground subsidence and identifies key influencing factors according to different spatial units.
    The analysis covers the entire Seoul metropolitan area, using geocoded point-based subsidence occurrence data. The research proceeds in three stages. First, polygon-based analyses at the administrative-dong level are conducted to identify global spatial patterns and to verify the limitations of aggregated spatial units. Second, spatial regression models are employed to investigate spatial autocorrelation and macro-level influences on subsidence occurrence. Third, a point-based binary logistic regression model is constructed to predict localized subsidence probability, and a ground subsidence risk probability map is generated for Seoul.
    The polygon-level analysis reveals significant spatial clustering of ground subsidence occurrences, confirmed through Moran’s I and LISA statistics. However, the results also demonstrate the limitations of aggregated analyses due to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which obscures intra-area risk heterogeneity. Although spatial regression models confirm strong spatial dependence, macro-scale factors alone are insufficient to explain individual subsidence events.
    To overcome these limitations, the study focuses on point-based modeling using localized explanatory variables. Independent variables are constructed by integrating natural environmental factors, urban physical characteristics, and underground infrastructure attributes. In particular, a composite sewer risk index is developed by combining sewer age, diameter, and material characteristics. Variables representing subway line classification, distance to subway lines, and building density are also incorporated.
    Through stepwise variable selection, four key variables—composite sewer risk, subway line classification, building density, and distance to subway lines—are identified as significant predictors. The final binary logistic regression model is statistically robust, with an omnibus test significant at the 1% level and a Nagelkerke of 0.324, accounting for approximately 32.4% of the variance in ground subsidence occurrences. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test confirms good model fit, and the overall classification accuracy reaches 85.7%, which is acceptable for rare-event prediction.
    Based on the estimated probabilities, a ground subsidence risk probability map is produced for Seoul. High-risk areas are found to be locally concentrated in densely developed zones with aging sewer networks and close proximity to subway lines, rather than being confined within administrative boundaries. This finding underscores the necessity of moving beyond administrative-unit-based management toward risk-oriented spatial governance.
    In conclusion, this study empirically demonstrates the limitations of polygon-based analyses and highlights the critical importance of point-based localized modeling for urban ground subsidence risk prediction. The proposed probability-based model and risk map provide a practical analytical foundation for proactive subsidence prevention and targeted urban safety management in Seoul.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서론 1
    • 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 1. 연구 배경 및 필요성 1
    • 2. 연구 목적 2
    • 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 4
    • 제1장 서론 1
    • 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 1. 연구 배경 및 필요성 1
    • 2. 연구 목적 2
    • 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 4
    • 1. 연구 범위 4
    • 2. 연구 방법 5
    • 제3절 연구 질문 및 가설 8
    • 1. 연구 질문 8
    • 2. 연구 가설 9
    • 제4절 선행연구 고찰 및 연구의 차별성 11
    • 1. 선행연구 고찰 11
    • 2. 연구의 차별성 17
    • 제2장 이론적 고찰 및 제도적 배경 22
    • 제1절 지반침하 이론 및 영향 요인 22
    • 1. 지반침하의 개념 및 이론적 고찰 22
    • 2. 도심지 지반침하의 주요 영향 요인 25
    • 3. 서울시의 지반침하 관련 여건 28
    • 제2절 공간분석 및 예측 방법론 35
    • 1. 공간분석 기법 35
    • 2. 공간적 자기상관 39
    • 3. 공간회귀모형 43
    • 4. 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석 46
    • 제3절 지하안전관리의 제도적 배경 48
    • 1. 지하안전관리에 관한 특별법 48
    • 2. 국가지하안전관리 기본계획 56
    • 3. 지하공간통합지도 60
    • 제3장 연구 설계 및 데이터 구축 64
    • 제1절 연구의 흐름 64
    • 제2절 분석 방법론 68
    • 1. 지반침하 현황 분석 방법 68
    • 2. 다중 스케일 회귀분석 70
    • 3. 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석 72
    • 제3절 종속변수 및 분석 단위 구축 74
    • 1. 지반침하 발생 데이터 75
    • 2. 분석 단위 설정 77
    • 제4절 1차 독립변수 구축 79
    • 1. 자연 환경적 요인 79
    • 2. 도시 물리적 요인 83
    • 3. 지하 시설물 요인 88
    • 제5절 2차 독립변수 구축 93
    • 1. 하수관로 위험도 지수 93
    • 2. 지하철 노선의 특성 100
    • 3. 지하수위의 변동성 101
    • 4. 상호작용 변수 및 정규화 102
    • 제4장 거시적 단위 분석 104
    • 제1절 서울시 지반침하 발생 특성 및 공간 패턴 분석 104
    • 1. 지반침하 발생 특성 104
    • 2. 공간적 밀집도 및 군집 특성 111
    • 제2절 다중스케일 공간회귀분석 120
    • 1. 자치구 단위 회귀분석 120
    • 2. 행정동 단위 회귀분석 124
    • 3. 변수별 영향력 비교 및 공간적 효과 검증 135
    • 4. 하수관로 위험도 지수 적용에 따른 추가 검증 136
    • 제3절 소결 139
    • 제5장 국지적 위험 요인 규명 및 예측 모델 140
    • 제1절 로지스틱 회귀분석 모델 구축 140
    • 1. 변수 선정 및 다중공선성 진단 140
    • 2. 최종 모델 확정 및 적합도 검증 142
    • 제2절 지반침하 국지적 영향 요인 분석 145
    • 1. 하수관로 복합 위험도의 영향력 검증 145
    • 2. 지하철 노선 구분 및 이격 거리의 영향력 검증 146
    • 3. 도시 개발 밀도의 영향력 검증 148
    • 제3절 서울시 지반침하 위험도 확률 지도 149
    • 1. 위험도 확률 지도 구현 149
    • 2. 공간적 분포 특성 151
    • 3. 위험 등급 구분 및 정합성 검증 152
    • 제4절 소결 155
    • 제6장 결론 157
    • 제1절 연구 결과 157
    • 제2절 정책적 제언 160
    • 제3절 연구 한계 및 향후 과제 163
    • 참고문헌 165
    • ABSTRACT 172
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