Population aging has become a key factor affecting China's economic
development. The eastern region, as China's most economically developed area and
a pioneer in aging, presents a valuable subject for research on the interaction between
these two f...
Population aging has become a key factor affecting China's economic
development. The eastern region, as China's most economically developed area and
a pioneer in aging, presents a valuable subject for research on the interaction between
these two factors. Based on panel data from 10 provinces (municipalities) in eastern
China from 2000 to 2023, this paper systematically explores the impact and
mechanism of population aging on the economic development of the eastern region
using descriptive statistics, panel data regression, mediation effect analysis, and
heterogeneity analysis.
The study found that economic growth in the eastern region is characterized by a shift from factor-driven to innovation-driven growth, while population aging
exhibits distinct features such as compression, structural imbalances, and urban-rural
inversion. Furthermore, there are significant regional differences in the interaction
between the two. Empirical results show that population aging has a robust inhibitory
effect on economic growth in the eastern region. This effect is underestimated when
endogeneity is not accounted for, and it operates through both factor supply and
demand structures. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that, compared to the central and
western regions, the inhibitory effect of aging on economic growth is more
pronounced in the latter, and this effect becomes more significant as the aging
process accelerates.
Mechanism testing further confirms that effective labor input, per capita
household consumption, and urbanization rate are the three core mediating variables affecting economic growth due to aging. Among them, the transmission effect of
effective labor input is the most prominent, while urbanization rate exhibits a dual
effect of "inhibition and buffering." Based on the research findings, this paper
proposes suggestions such as constructing a differentiated policy system,
strengthening the economic transformation countermeasure mechanism, and
improving the collaborative guarantee system. These suggestions provide a reference
for the eastern region to cope with the impact of aging and achieve high-quality
economic growth, and also accumulate pioneering experience for the central and
western regions.
Keywords: population aging; population structure; eastern region; economic
development; regional differences