현장 종사자가 바라본 수산계 고등학교 직업교육의 문제점과 개선방안

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explored how field practitioners in the fisheries and maritime sector perceived the problems and improvement measures of vocational education in fisheries high schools. In Korea, the fisheries and maritime industries have faced serious difficulties in recruiting and retaining young seafarers, while fisheries high schools have experienced declining enrollment and a growing gap between school education and workplace demands.
The purpose of this study was (1) to identify problems of vocational education in fisheries high schools as recognized by field practitioners, and (2) to suggest educational and policy measures to improve vocational education in these schools. To achieve this, the researcher conducted three mini focus group interviews with a total of nine field practitioners working on tugboats, distant-water fishing vessels, and international observer positions. The study analyzed the data using thematic analysis and applied Malterud et al.’s “information power” concept to judge the adequacy of the sample size.
The results showed that field practitioners perceived problems in three main areas. First, they pointed out issues in students’ attitudes, work ethic, and mental readiness for long-term and high-risk work at sea. Second, they emphasized a gap between theory and practice, noting that school curricula and field training often failed to reflect actual job tasks, language use, and equipment on board, and that short, observation-centered field practice had limited impact on workplace adaptation. Third, they highlighted structural problems related to working conditions, wages, policy incentives, and negative social images of seafaring work, which made it difficult for young people to enter and remain in the sector.
Based on these findings, the study suggested that fisheries high schools should set students’ attitudes, work ethic, and mental adaptation as explicit educational goals; reorganize curricula, teaching, and field training to be more workplace-oriented; make use of on-board simulators and engine/gear disassembly–assembly training; and introduce a system of temporary “field expert instructors” such as active captains on shore leave and chief engineers. In addition, the study proposed closer cooperation between schools, companies, and government to improve structural conditions such as contract periods, compensation, and long-term incentives. Finally, the researcher expects these results to provide useful implications for improving vocational education in fisheries high schools and for designing fisheries and maritime human resource policies in Korea.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구 배경과 필요성 1
• 2. 연구 목적 및 연구 문제 5
• 3. 용어 정의 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 9
• 1. 직업계 고등학교 정책 변화와 특징 9
• 2. 수산계 고등학교의 발전 과정과 교육과정 운영 현황 12
• 3. 수산 인력 양성의 주요 쟁점 32
• 4. 수산·해운계 직업기초능력과 직업의식 35
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 38
• 1. 연구 참여자 선정 38
• 2. 연구 도구: FGI 질문지 구성 44
• 3. 자료 수집 절차 및 분석 방법 47
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 54
• 1. 직무역량 불일치의 양상과 원인 56
• 2. 이론 중심 교육과 실제 직무 요구 간 간극 65
• 3. 근로조건·임금, 정책 등의 구조적 요인이 보이는 한계 72
• 4. 수산·해운 현장 종사자의 직업교육 개선 방향 인식 82
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론 95
• 1. 연구 결과 요약 95
• 2. 연구 결과에 대한 논의 99
• 3. 정책적 제언 103
• 4. 연구의 한계 및 후속 연구 제언 106