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      테트라드린이 감성돔(Acanthopagrus schlegelii) 근모세포주의 체외 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향 분석

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17402414

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      In vitro cell models capable of mimicking the in vivo microenvironment are essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscle growth and regeneration in teleost. However, the application of existing teleost myogenic cell lines is often limited by insufficient characterization of their myogenic properties or undefined responsiveness to pharmacological stimuli. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid known to induce muscle atrophy and inhibit myogenesis in mammalian models, on the proliferation and differentiation of three black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) myogenic cell lines. The non-cytotoxic concentration range of tetrandrine was determined using cell viability and growth rate assays. Myogenic differentiation was assessed by quantifying the fusion index and analyzing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (Pax7, MyoD, Myog, and MyHC) using quantitative real-time PCR. To explore the mechanisms underlying differentiation inhibition, differentiating cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), or the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Additionally, the expression profiles of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy related genes (Fbxo32, Trim63b, Atg6, and Sqstm1) were analyzed, and intracellular ROS levels were measured using the DCFH-DA assay. Results indicated that tetrandrine dose-dependently inhibited myotube formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations up to 5µM. Tetrandrine treatment significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of Pax7, MyoD, Myog, and MyHC. Mechanistic analysis revealed that MG-132 treatment partially restored the tetrandrine-induced suppression of MyHC expression but failed to rescue the fusion index. Notably, the expression of E3 ligases (Fbxo32, Trim63b) and autophagy related genes (Atg6, Sqstm1) were downregulated or suppressed compared to controls, contrasting with findings in mammalian C2C12 cells. Furthermore, although tetrandrine elevated intracellular ROS levels, ROS scavenging by NAC did not alleviate the inhibition of differentiation. These findings suggest that tetrandrine inhibits the expression of key myogenic regulatory genes and myotube formation in black sea bream cells through mechanisms distinct from the E3 ligase and autophagy activation pathways observed in mammalian models.
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      In vitro cell models capable of mimicking the in vivo microenvironment are essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscle growth and regeneration in teleost. However, the application of existing teleost myogenic cell lines is often limited...

      In vitro cell models capable of mimicking the in vivo microenvironment are essential for elucidating the mechanisms underlying muscle growth and regeneration in teleost. However, the application of existing teleost myogenic cell lines is often limited by insufficient characterization of their myogenic properties or undefined responsiveness to pharmacological stimuli. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid known to induce muscle atrophy and inhibit myogenesis in mammalian models, on the proliferation and differentiation of three black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) myogenic cell lines. The non-cytotoxic concentration range of tetrandrine was determined using cell viability and growth rate assays. Myogenic differentiation was assessed by quantifying the fusion index and analyzing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (Pax7, MyoD, Myog, and MyHC) using quantitative real-time PCR. To explore the mechanisms underlying differentiation inhibition, differentiating cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ), or the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Additionally, the expression profiles of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy related genes (Fbxo32, Trim63b, Atg6, and Sqstm1) were analyzed, and intracellular ROS levels were measured using the DCFH-DA assay. Results indicated that tetrandrine dose-dependently inhibited myotube formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations up to 5µM. Tetrandrine treatment significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of Pax7, MyoD, Myog, and MyHC. Mechanistic analysis revealed that MG-132 treatment partially restored the tetrandrine-induced suppression of MyHC expression but failed to rescue the fusion index. Notably, the expression of E3 ligases (Fbxo32, Trim63b) and autophagy related genes (Atg6, Sqstm1) were downregulated or suppressed compared to controls, contrasting with findings in mammalian C2C12 cells. Furthermore, although tetrandrine elevated intracellular ROS levels, ROS scavenging by NAC did not alleviate the inhibition of differentiation. These findings suggest that tetrandrine inhibits the expression of key myogenic regulatory genes and myotube formation in black sea bream cells through mechanisms distinct from the E3 ligase and autophagy activation pathways observed in mammalian models.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • Ⅰ. 서론 1
      • Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 5
      • 1. 감성돔 유래 근모세포주 배양 5
      • 가. 감성돔 근모세포주 공통 배양 조건 5
      • 2. 테트라드린의 처리 및 세포 생존성 분석 5
      • Ⅰ. 서론 1
      • Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 5
      • 1. 감성돔 유래 근모세포주 배양 5
      • 가. 감성돔 근모세포주 공통 배양 조건 5
      • 2. 테트라드린의 처리 및 세포 생존성 분석 5
      • 가. 테트라드린 포함 배지 제작 6
      • 나. 테트라드린 농도별 처리에 따른 세포 생존성 분석 6
      • 3. 세포 성장 곡선 및 배가 시간 측정 6
      • 4. 세포 분화 유도 및 근관 융합 지수 측정 7
      • 가. 세포 분화 유도 7
      • 나. 근관 융합 지수 측정 7
      • 5. 근모세포주 분화조건에서 저해제 및 제거제 처리 8
      • 가. 26S 프로테아좀 저해제(MG-132) 처리 8
      • 나. 자가포식 저해제(Chloroquine) 처리 9
      • 다. 활성산소종 제거제(N-acetylcysteine) 처리 10
      • 6. 세포 내 활성산소종 측정 11
      • 7. 유전자 발현 분석(qRT-PCR) 12
      • 8. 통계 분석 13
      • Ⅲ. 결과 15
      • 1. 테트라드린 처리에 따른 감성돔 근모세포주 세포 독성 및 증식 평가 15
      • 가. 테트라드린 처리에 따른 근모세포주 독성 평가 15
      • 나. 테트라드린 처리에 따른 근모세포주 증식 영향 확인 20
      • 2. 테트라드린 처리에 따른 근모세포주 분화 영향 확인 24
      • 가. 테트라드린 농도별 분화 형태 확인 및 근관 융합 지수 측정 24
      • 1) 테트라드린 농도별 분화 형태 확인 24
      • 2) 테트라드린 농도별 근관 융합 지수 측정 25
      • 나. 테트라드린 농도별 근생성 유전자 발현량 변화 30
      • 3. 저해제 및 활성산소종 제거제 처리에 따른 테트라드린 분화 저해 효과 조절 33
      • 가. 26S 프로테아좀 저해제(MG-132) 처리 영향 34
      • 1) MG-132 농도에 따른 근모세포주 독성 평가 34
      • 2) MG-132 처리에 따른 근관 융합 지수 측정 36
      • 3) MG-132 처리에 따른 근생성 및 E3 리가아제 유전자 발현량 확인 38
      • 나. 자가포식 저해제(Chloroquine) 처리 영향 41
      • 1) Chloroquine 처리 농도에 따른 근모세포주 독성 평가 41
      • 2) Chloroquine 처리에 따른 근관 융합 지수 측정 43
      • 3) Chloroquine 처리에 따른 근생성 및 자가포식 관련 유전자 발현량 확인 45
      • 다. 활성산소종 제거제(N-acetylcyteine) 처리 영향 48
      • 1) NAC 처리 농도에 따른 근모세포주 독성 평가 48
      • 2) 테트라드린에 의한 활성산소종 생성 확인 50
      • 3) NAC 처리에 따른 근관 융합 지수 측정 52
      • 4) NAC 처리에 따른 근생성 유전자 발현량 확인 54
      • Ⅳ. 고찰 55
      • Ⅴ. 요약 62
      • 참고문헌 64
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