수출 중소기업의 무역장벽 대응역량 결정 요인에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In recent years, the simultaneous strengthening of tariff and non-tariff barriers across major economies has heightened the uncertainty faced by Korean small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in global markets. As regulatory requirements related to technical standards, product certification, environmental regulations, and customs procedures become increasingly complex and dynamic, the ability of SMEs to effectively respond to such external demands has emerged as a critical factor for sustaining export competitiveness. Nevertheless, prior research has largely concentrated on examining the direct effects of trade barriers on export performance or the influence of firms’ technological or managerial capabilities on performance outcomes. As a result, the concept of Trade Barrier Response Capability (TBRC)—a firm’s organized ability to detect, interpret, and respond to external regulatory requirements—has not been systematically investigated as an independent construct. To address this gap, the present study applies the Resource-Based View (RBV) as its theoretical foundation and empirically analyzes how key internal capabilities—product development capability (PDC), process improvement capability (PIC), top management capability (TMC), and the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of export-dedicated organizational capability (EDOC_N, EDOC_E)—influence SMEs’ ability to manage trade barriers. Survey data were collected from 209 Korean exporting SMEs, and both group difference analyses and OLS multiple regression models were employed to examine the determinants of TBRC. The empirical results are as follows. First, firms with an export-dedicated organization exhibit significantly higher TBRC compared to firms without such an organizational structure, suggesting that the existence of a formalized export function provides an essential foundation for regulatory response activities. Second, both PDC and PIC positively affect TBRC, demonstrating that technological and operational capabilities are closely linked to firms’ ability to incorporate regulatory requirements into product design, verification, and production processes. Third, TMC shows a significant positive influence on TBRC, indicating that managers’ regulatory awareness, strategic judgment, and resource allocation play crucial roles in establishing and maintaining effective response mechanisms. Fourth, the quantitative dimension of export-dedicated organizational capability (i.e., the number of staff) does not significantly affect TBRC, whereas the qualitative dimension (i.e., training and professional expertise) exerts a statistically significant positive effect. This finding implies that specialized knowledge and training, rather than staffing levels alone, are central to enhancing firms’ regulatory response capabilities. By conceptualizing and empirically examining TBRC as a distinct, proximal organizational capability, this study extends prior research that focused primarily on export performance. Furthermore, by differentiating the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of export-dedicated organizational capability, the study provides a more fine-grained understanding of how SMEs can structure and develop their internal resources to cope with complex regulatory environments. The findings contribute to both academic discourse and managerial practice by elucidating how technological, organizational, and managerial resources must be configured to strengthen SMEs’ ability to adapt to increasingly stringent trade barriers. Ultimately, this research offers meaningful insights for designing organizational strategies and policy interventions aimed at enhancing SMEs’ TBRC in the era of escalating global regulatory challenges. Key words : Trade Barrier Response Capability (TBRC); Export-Dedicated Organization; Product Development Capability; Process Improvement Capability; Top Management Capability; Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs); Resource-Based View (RBV)

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서 론 1
• 제 1 절 연구의 배경과 목적 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 7
• 제 2 절 연구의 방법과 구성 9
• II. 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 11
• 제 1 절 수출중소기업 11
• 제 2 절 자원기반관점 14
• 1. 이론적 개요 14
• 2. 내부 자원의 개념 19
• 제 3 절 무역장벽 23
• 1. 개념과 이론적 정의 23
• 2. 유형과 작동 방식 24
• 3. 변화 동향과 기업 수준 영향 25
• 제 4 절 내부자원과 무역장벽 대응역량 선행연구 28
• 1. 내부자원 개념과 분류 28
• 2. 내부자원과 무역장벽 대응역량과의 관계 37
• III. 연구모형과 가설의 설정 43
• 제 1 절 연구모형 43
• 제 2 절 연구가설의 설정 45
• 1. 수출전담조직 보유 여부에 따른 집단 차이 45
• 2. 내부자원이 무역장벽 대응역량에 미치는 영향 가설 46
• IV. 실증분석 및 가설검증 결과 52
• 제 1 절 자료수집 및 분석방법 52
• 제 2 절 변수의 조작적 정의 56
• 제 3 절 신뢰성과 타당성 분석 65
• 1. 신뢰도 분석 65
• 2. 타당성 분석 67
• 3. 동일방법 편의 사후진단 69
• 4. 상관관계 분석 69
• 제 4 절 연구가설 검증 71
• 1. 수출전담조직 보유와 비보유 기업간의 차이분석 72
• 2. 중소기업 역량의 무역장벽 대응역량에 대한 영향 분석 73
• 3. 가설검증 결과의 요약 77
• V. 결론 78
• 제 1 절 연구결과 요약 및 시사점 78
• 제 2 절 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구방향 84
• [참고문헌] 88
• [ 부 록 ] 98