소외에 대한 두려움과 외로움 유형에 따른 SNS 과의존 분석 : 잠재프로파일과 자기제시 전략의 매개 효과를 중심으로 = Fear of Missing Out and Loneliness Typologies and Social Media Overdependence: A Latent Profile Approach and the Mediating Effects of Self-Presentation Strategies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Social media have become a central medium for social interaction, information seeking, leisure activities, and self-presentation. While SNS use is an integral part of everyday life for most users, some experience excessive use that exceeds self-regulatory control and negatively affects daily functioning and interpersonal relationships, a phenomenon referred to as SNS overdependence. Previous research has often used concepts such as addiction, problematic use, and excessive use interchangeably, failing to clearly distinguish clinical addiction from overdependence occurring in everyday contexts. To address this limitation, this study conceptualizes SNS overdependence as a non-clinical yet intensified form of excessive SNS use and focuses on its key psychological correlates: multidimensional loneliness (emotional, relational, and collective), fear of missing out (FoMO), and SNS self-presentation strategies. This study pursues three objectives. First, it identifies latent profiles among Korean SNS users aged 14–59 based on combinations of loneliness dimensions and trait FoMO. Second, it compares differences in positive self-presentation, honest self-presentation, and SNS overdependence across these profiles. Third, it examines indirect pathways from FoMO–loneliness profiles to SNS overdependence via self-presentation strategies using structural equation modeling, treating latent profiles as exogenous categorical variables. An online survey was conducted with 1,172 Korean SNS users recruited through a professional panel. Measures included trait FoMO, emotional, relational, and collective loneliness, positive and honest self-presentation, and SNS overdependence. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed, followed by group comparisons using the Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars (BCH) three-step method and mediation analysis via structural equation modeling. Four latent profiles emerged: a low FoMO–low loneliness group, a low FoMO–moderate loneliness group, a moderate FoMO–high loneliness group, and a high FoMO–emotional loneliness group. The low FoMO–low loneliness group represented a low-risk profile, whereas the high FoMO–emotional loneliness group exhibited pronounced emotional loneliness and elevated FoMO, indicating high risk. Overall, higher levels of FoMO and loneliness were associated with greater engagement in both positive and honest self-presentation and with higher SNS overdependence. In particular, the moderate FoMO–high loneliness and high FoMO–emotional loneliness groups showed significantly higher levels of self-presentation and SNS overdependence than the low-risk group. By contrast, the low FoMO–moderate loneliness group displayed relatively low FoMO and personal loneliness but higher collective loneliness, suggesting a distinct SNS use pattern. Mediation analyses further revealed that positive and honest self-presentation partially mediated the relationship between latent profiles and SNS overdependence in specific groups, with these pathways being especially pronounced in the moderate FoMO–high loneliness and high FoMO–emotional loneliness profiles. These findings indicate that, among psychologically vulnerable users, self-presentation aimed at seeking emotional support and social recognition may paradoxically intensify SNS overdependence. In conclusion, this study provides a profile-level understanding of the relationship between FoMO, multidimensional loneliness, and SNS overdependence through a latent profile approach that extends beyond traditional variable-centered research. By conceptualizing positive and honest self-presentation as coexisting strategies and demonstrating their profile-specific mediating roles, the findings identify self-presentation as a key mechanism through which psychological vulnerability is translated into behavioral overdependence in digital environments. The results also offer practical implications for identifying at-risk groups and developing tailored interventions, digital well-being education, counseling strategies, and platform design.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• II. 이론적 논의 8
• 1. SNS 이용, 의존 및 SNS 과의존 8
• 2. SNS 과의존의 영향 변인에 관한 논의 13
• 1) 외로움(Loneliness) 17
• 가. 정의 17
• 나. 외로움의 차원 20
• 다. 외로움과 SNS 과의존의 관계 26
• 2) 소외에 대한 두려움(Fear of Missing Out) 32
• 가. 정의 32
• 나. 특성 FoMO와 SNS 과의존의 관계 35
• 3) 외로움과 FoMO의 상호작용 및 SNS 과의존: 변인 중심과 개인 중심 접근 · 38
• 3. 자기제시 전략 41
• 1) 정의 41
• 2) 외로움이 자기제시 전략에 미치는 영향 45
• 3) FoMO가 자기제시 전략에 미치는 영향 47
• 4) FoMO, 외로움 및 자기제시 전략이 SNS 과의존에 미치는 영향 50
• III. 연구문제와 연구방법 53
• 1. 연구문제와 연구모형 53
• 2. 연구대상 및 자료수집 54
• 3. 측정도구 55
• 1) 소외에 대한 두려움(Fear of Missing Out: FoMO) 55
• 2) 외로움 (Loneliness) 56
• 가. 정서적 외로움(Emotional Loneliness) 57
• 나. 관계적 외로움(Relational loneliness) 57
• 다. 집단적 외로움(Collective Loneliness) 58
• 3) SNS 과의존（SNS Overdependence） 59
• 4) 자기제시 전략 (Self-Presentation Strategies) 62
• 4. 분석방법 63
• IV. 분석 결과 66
• 1. 외로움과 특성 FoMO의 잠재프로파일 분석 66
• 1) 외로움과 특성 FoMO의 기술통계 66
• 2) 외로움과 특성 FoMO의 상관분석 67
• 3) 외로움과 특성 FoMO의 잠재프로파일 수 결정 68
• 4) 잠재프로파일별 특성 71
• 5) 잠재프로파일 분류에 따른 주요 변인과의 차이 75
• 2. 매개효과 모형 분석 78
• 1) 주요 변인의 기술통계 78
• 2) 주요 변인의 상관분석 79
• 3) 측정모형 검증 80
• 4) 잠재집단과 SNS 과의존의 관계에서 자기제시 전략의 매개효과 87
• V. 논의 94
• 1. 연구결과 94
• 2. 연구의 시사점 98
• 3. 연구의 한계점 100