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      비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파반응 기반 인지성능 평가

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17402306

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      Emergency Broadcasting Systems (EBS) are life-safety installations that deliver urgent information during fire events, enabling occupants to recognize hazards and initiate evacuation. Because response time is the most variable component of evacuation time, delays arising from cognitive appraisal and decision-making can substantially influence the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). Thus, clarifying how EBS acoustic characteristics shape early recognition and evacuation initiation is essential for performance-based evaluation. Prior research has mainly assessed physical and environmental factors (e.g., sound pressure level, intelligibility, and message structure) using observations, full-scale experiments, and video-based analyses. Although these approaches quantify response time and route choice, they provide limited access to internal cognitive and attentional processes underlying delayed movement, misinterpretation, or weak behavioral transitions. This study investigated how combinations of acoustic parameters modulate EEG-based cognitive activation and how neural responses correspond to evacuation-initiation behaviors. A 3×3×3 factorial experiment was conducted in a fully anechoic chamber with sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency (F0), and speech rate (SPM) as independent variables. A total of 27 (33) acoustic conditions were constructed for both male and female voices. Adult participants(N=547;≥20 years) were assigned using a between-subjects design. EEG was recorded using 19 channels based on the international 10– 20 system, and stimulus-related changes were computed relative to baseline. Cognitive activation was quantified using the RSMT(ratio of SMR–mid-beta to theta). Three-way ANOVA tested main effects and two and three-way interactions. Evacuation-related behaviors were coded within a Notification– Cognition–Activity framework and integrated with post-experiment interviews. Evacuation initiation was defined as pre-movement actions preceding physical egress, including orientation and information-seeking behaviors. To minimize expectancy effects, alarm presentation was not announced in advance. EEG features were derived from baseline-normalized ΔEEG values, ensuring comparability across participants and conditions. The chamber setting isolated acoustic factors from environmental confounders effectively. SPL produced the most consistent effects across electrodes for both voice types, supporting SPL as the primary determinant of alarm perceptibility. Significant three-way interactions at selected electrodes indicated that cognitive activation increased only under specific SPL–F0–SPM combinations, implying synergistic effects rather than a single-factor mechanism. Representative high-activation combinations included, for the male voice, C4 at 60㏈(A)–100 ㎐–300,360 SPM, and for the female voice, P4 at 78㏈(A)–210㎐–420 SPM or 95㏈(A)–180㎐–420 SPM. Conditions with higher cognitive activation were accompanied by clearer evacuation-initiation behaviors (e.g., exploration, gaze shifts, and exit checking). Notably, some participants with minimal overt movement still showed increased RSMT, suggesting internal appraisal not captured by behavior-only assessments. Overall, this study provides an integrated EEG–behavior assessment of how SPL, F0, and speech rate combinations influence cognitive activation and evacuation initiation. The derived optimal combinations may serve as reference stimuli for validation under realistic acoustic environments and support human-centered, performance-based design criteria for EBS.
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      Emergency Broadcasting Systems (EBS) are life-safety installations that deliver urgent information during fire events, enabling occupants to recognize hazards and initiate evacuation. Because response time is the most variable component of evacuation ...

      Emergency Broadcasting Systems (EBS) are life-safety installations that deliver urgent information during fire events, enabling occupants to recognize hazards and initiate evacuation. Because response time is the most variable component of evacuation time, delays arising from cognitive appraisal and decision-making can substantially influence the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). Thus, clarifying how EBS acoustic characteristics shape early recognition and evacuation initiation is essential for performance-based evaluation. Prior research has mainly assessed physical and environmental factors (e.g., sound pressure level, intelligibility, and message structure) using observations, full-scale experiments, and video-based analyses. Although these approaches quantify response time and route choice, they provide limited access to internal cognitive and attentional processes underlying delayed movement, misinterpretation, or weak behavioral transitions. This study investigated how combinations of acoustic parameters modulate EEG-based cognitive activation and how neural responses correspond to evacuation-initiation behaviors. A 3×3×3 factorial experiment was conducted in a fully anechoic chamber with sound pressure level (SPL), fundamental frequency (F0), and speech rate (SPM) as independent variables. A total of 27 (33) acoustic conditions were constructed for both male and female voices. Adult participants(N=547;≥20 years) were assigned using a between-subjects design. EEG was recorded using 19 channels based on the international 10– 20 system, and stimulus-related changes were computed relative to baseline. Cognitive activation was quantified using the RSMT(ratio of SMR–mid-beta to theta). Three-way ANOVA tested main effects and two and three-way interactions. Evacuation-related behaviors were coded within a Notification– Cognition–Activity framework and integrated with post-experiment interviews. Evacuation initiation was defined as pre-movement actions preceding physical egress, including orientation and information-seeking behaviors. To minimize expectancy effects, alarm presentation was not announced in advance. EEG features were derived from baseline-normalized ΔEEG values, ensuring comparability across participants and conditions. The chamber setting isolated acoustic factors from environmental confounders effectively. SPL produced the most consistent effects across electrodes for both voice types, supporting SPL as the primary determinant of alarm perceptibility. Significant three-way interactions at selected electrodes indicated that cognitive activation increased only under specific SPL–F0–SPM combinations, implying synergistic effects rather than a single-factor mechanism. Representative high-activation combinations included, for the male voice, C4 at 60㏈(A)–100 ㎐–300,360 SPM, and for the female voice, P4 at 78㏈(A)–210㎐–420 SPM or 95㏈(A)–180㎐–420 SPM. Conditions with higher cognitive activation were accompanied by clearer evacuation-initiation behaviors (e.g., exploration, gaze shifts, and exit checking). Notably, some participants with minimal overt movement still showed increased RSMT, suggesting internal appraisal not captured by behavior-only assessments. Overall, this study provides an integrated EEG–behavior assessment of how SPL, F0, and speech rate combinations influence cognitive activation and evacuation initiation. The derived optimal combinations may serve as reference stimuli for validation under realistic acoustic environments and support human-centered, performance-based design criteria for EBS.

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 제 1 장. 서 론 1
      • 1-1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
      • 1-2 연구의 방법 및 범위 4
      • 1-3 용어 정리 7
      • 제 2 장. 비상방송 음향적 특성 및 뇌파반응 기반 인지성능 해석 9
      • 제 1 장. 서 론 1
      • 1-1 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
      • 1-2 연구의 방법 및 범위 4
      • 1-3 용어 정리 7
      • 제 2 장. 비상방송 음향적 특성 및 뇌파반응 기반 인지성능 해석 9
      • 2-1 피난 시 인간의 피난행동 특성 9
      • 2-1-1 인간의 피난 단계 및 의사결정 과정 9
      • 2-1-2 피난 시 인지 및 심리적 영향 요인 14
      • 2-2 비상방송설비 개요 및 음향적 특성 18
      • 2-2-1 비상방송설비 정의 및 국내외 기준 18
      • 2-2-2 비상방송 인지성능에 영향을 미치는 음향적 특성 27
      • 2-3 비상방송 음향적 특성별 인지 해석을 위한 뇌파 분석법 34
      • 2-3-1 뇌파의 정의 및 뇌 부위의 특성 34
      • 2-3-2 뇌파 분석 지표의 개념 및 선행연구 고찰 41
      • 제 3 장. 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파반응 기반
      • 인지성능 및 피난개시행동 평가 실험 설계 45
      • 3-1 비상방송 음향적 특성 변수 설정 45
      • 3-1-1 비상방송 음압레벨 변수 설정 45
      • 3-1-2 비상방송 주파수 변수 설정 47
      • 3-1-3 비상방송 발화속도 변수 설정 49
      • 3-2 실험설계 및 방법 53
      • 3-2-1 실험음원 제작 및 제시 방법 53
      • 3-2-2 실험 설계 및 절차 60
      • 3-2-3 실험대상지 및 참가자 특성 64
      • 3-3 뇌파반응 측정 설계 및 방법 67
      • 3-3-1 뇌파 장비 및 측정 설계 67
      • 3-3-2 뇌파반응 데이터 전처리 및 통계 분석 방법 71
      • 3-4 피난개시행동 평가를 위한 영상분석 및 사후인터뷰 방법 77
      • 3-4-1 피난개시행동 위한 영상분석 방법 및 절차 77
      • 3-4-2 영상 분석 결과 해석을 위한 사후 인터뷰 설계 82
      • 제 4 장. 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파반응 기반 인지성능 평가 83
      • 4-1 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파반응 통계분석 및 전처리 결과 83
      • 4-1-1 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파반응 통계분석 개요 83
      • 4-1-2 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파반응 통계적 전처리 결과 84
      • 4-2 남성음성 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 비상방송 인지성능 평가 85
      • 4-2-1 남성음성 주효과 분석 85
      • 4-2-2 남성음성 이원 상호작용 분석 112
      • 4-2-3 남성음성 삼원 상호작용 분석 119
      • 4-3 여성음성 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 비상방송 인지성능 평가 126
      • 4-3-1 여성음성 주효과 결과 126
      • 4-3-2 여성음성 이원 상호작용 결과 152
      • 4-3-3 여성음성 삼원 상호작용 결과 155
      • 제 5 장. 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 피난개시행동 평가 162
      • 5-1 피난개시행동 비교 집단 및 평가 기준 162
      • 5-1-1 피난개시행동 비교 집단 정의 162
      • 5-1-2 피난개시행동 평가 지표 및 기준 163
      • 5-2 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 피난개시행동 결과 164
      • 5-2-1 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 피난지연 결과 164
      • 5-2-2 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 피난개시행동 결과 185
      • 제 6 장. 뇌파반응 및 피난개시행동 연계 분석을 통한 비상방송 음향적 특성 최적 조합 제시 및 검증 195
      • 6-1 비상방송 음향적 특성에 따른 인지성능 평가 195
      • 6-1-1 비상방송 음향적 특성에 따른 주효과 및 이원 상호작용 평가 195
      • 6-1-2 비상방송 음향적 특성에 따른 삼원 상호작용 평가 202
      • 6-2 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합에 따른 뇌파-피난개시행동 기반 검증 및 제시 206
      • 6-2-1 뇌파-피난개시행동 기반 비상방송 음향적 특성 조합 검증 207
      • 6-2-2 뇌파-피난개시행동 기반 비상방송 음향적 특성 최적 조합 제시 214
      • 제 7 장. 결 론 217
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