HVAC 용량 산정방식에 따른 건물 에너지 평가모델 개선에 관한 연구 = Investigating Automated HVAC System Capacity Calculation Methods for Energy-Efficient Buildings in Code-Compliant Simulations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The building sector accounts for approximately 30% of global energy consumption, with HVAC systems in office buildings responsible for over 40% of total energy consumption. Despite the fact that HVAC capacity calculations directly impact energy performance, operating costs, and thermal comfort, the domestic total energy performance evaluation system still lacks standards for calculating autosizing HVAC system capacity. This results in recurring practical problems such as energy waste due to overestimated- or underestimated-HVAC design and thermal discomfort for occupants. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of autosizing HVAC capacity calculation methods for office buildings in code-compliant simulations, considering occupant comfort and energy efficiency. The impact of various HVAC capacity calculation methods were evaluated on the energy use intensity (EUI) and thermal comfort (PMV·acceptable ratio) based on Korea's total energy performance code-based model to improve HVAC capacity calculation methods incode-compliant simulations. To achieve this, a DOE medium office prototype-based model was adapted to reflect Korea's climate, insulation, and scheduling conditions. The test simulations were conducted using DesignBuilder on a total of 320 cases, including VAV and VRF systems, Design days of 0.4%, 1.0%, and 2.5%, the Energy-saving design standards Annex 7, and ASHRAE Appendix G method. The analysis revealed that the application of the autosizing methods showed capacity variations within approximately ±5% depending on climate and insulation characteristics. Furthermore, while the VAV systems showed a significant increase in energy consumption and deterioration of thermal comfort performance as capacity increased, The VRF systems exhibited relatively stable energy use and thermal comfort performance, confirming distinguished energy use between HVAC system types. These tendencies were particularly pronounced in the Southern Region, Jeju, and under high-density occupancy schedules, the results indicated the need for an appropriate HVAC system capacity margin of approximately 1.1–1.2. This study provides the basis for total building energy performance evaluation system using HVAC autosizing, which will contribute to improving HVAC capacity calculation methods in future total building energy performance evaluation system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• 1.1 연구 배경 1
• 1.2 연구 범위 및 목적 4
• II. 이론 및 고찰 7
• 2.1 국내외 총량평가모델 정의 및 기준 검토 7
• 2.2 국내외 냉난방 설비용량 산정을 위한 외기조건 12
• 2.3 재실자 온열환경 열쾌적 평가 방법 15
• III. 연구방법 16
• 3.1 연구 수행 체계 16
• 3.2 총량평가 레퍼런스 모델 구성 19
• 3.3 총량평가모델 설비 용량의 산정 26
• 3.4 총량평가모델 분석 시나리오 31
• 3.4.1 총량평가모델 시뮬레이션 입력 값 구성 33
• 3.4.2 총량평가모델 시뮬레이션 기상 데이터 및 외기조건 구성 35
• 3.4.3 총량평가모델 시뮬레이션 스케줄 구성 37
• 3.4.4 총량평가모델 열쾌적성 평가 방법 39
• IV. HVAC 설비용량 산정방식에 따른 에너지사용량 분석 40
• 4.1 총량평가를 위한 Autosizing 설비용량 산정 결과 40
• 4.2 Autosizing 설비용량 산정방식별 연간 에너지 사용량 44
• 4.3 Autosizing 설비용량 산정방식별 관계성 분석 47
• 4.4 HVAC 시스템 용량에 따른 최대부하 발생일의 냉난방 에너지 사용량 48
• V. HVAC 설비용량 여유율 및 열쾌적도에 따른 영향 분석 55
• 5.1 HVAC 용량 산정방식에 따른 연간 에너지 사용량 및 PMV 영향 56
• 5.2 HVAC 용량 여유율 산정에 따른 에너지 사용량 영향 분석 62
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 70