This study aims to comprehensively analyze the limitations and countermeasures of employing small-unit unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) in mountainous terrain. As approximately 70% of the Korean Peninsula is composed of mountainous areas, drone operatio...
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the limitations and countermeasures of employing small-unit unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) in mountainous terrain. As approximately 70% of the Korean Peninsula is composed of mountainous areas, drone operations at the squad-to-company level are significantly constrained by terrain and environmental factors. Steep cliffs, valleys, and dense forests, combined with strong winds, low temperatures, precipitation, and radio shadow zones, impose critical restrictions on flight routes, communication stability, visibility, propulsion, and overall mission performance.
Methodologically, this research employs literature review, battlefield case analysis, and technical evaluation of potential solutions. Case studies from the Gulf War, Iraq War, Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict, and the ongoing Ukraine-Russia war are examined to identify operational challenges in complex terrain environments. The findings categorize the key limitations into environmental constraints-terrain, weather, and radio frequency environment-and technical constraints-battery energy density, propulsion and lift capacity, sensor accuracy and durability, and the limitations of autonomous flight algorithms.
To address these issues, several countermeasures are proposed: drone relay modules and Flying-Ad-Hoc Networks(FANET) to overcome communication dead zones, multi-antenna systems to enhance connectivity, SLAM-based navigation reinforcement, and fiber-optic tethered UAVs to ensure operational stability under severe electronic warfare or RF-denied conditions. These approaches are evaluated in terms of practicality and applicability to the Korean mountainous operational environment.
In conclusion, this study systematically identifies the operational limitations of small-unit drones in mountainous terrain and proposes feasible solutions that enhance both effectiveness and survivability. The research provides strategic implications for the integration of drones into future distributed combat and irregular warfare scenarios.