고교 야구 투수의 구속 결정 요인 분석 : 신체기능 및 퍼포먼스 요인을 중심으로 = Analysis of Determinants of Pitch Velocity in High School Baseball Pitchers - Focusing on Physical Functional and Performance Factors -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated how pitch velocity in high school baseball pitchers is influenced by physical functional characteristics and performance-related variables. The research was conducted with sixty-five pitchers who were registered with the Korea Baseball Softball Association. Prior to the main analysis, body composition was measured to obtain baseline information regarding physique and physical status. Physical functional variables, including strength and joint-related functional capacity, were assessed in the first stage, followed by performance-based measures such as jump ability and force-production variables in the second stage. Pitch velocity was subsequently collected through repeated throwing trials under standardized measurement conditions, and the associations between each variable and pitch velocity were analyzed.
For data processing, descriptive statistics were used to generate the mean and standard deviation of all measured variables. Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied to examine the relationships between pitch velocity and the independent variables. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the key predictors explaining pitch velocity among the measured functional and performance indicators. The statistical significance threshold was set at α=.05.
The results demonstrated that, within the physical functional domain, functional shoulder strength and hip abductor strength (including left, right, and averaged values) showed statistically significant correlations with pitch velocity. Regression analysis further confirmed that functional shoulder strength and average hip abductor strength served as meaningful predictors. In terms of performance-related variables, countermovement jump height, isometric strength, and reactive strength index showed significant correlations with pitching velocity; however, only isometric strength remained statistically significant in the regression model, suggesting that the magnitude and stability of force production may play a more central role than explosive power alone.
Overall, these findings suggest that improvements in pitch velocity among adolescent pitchers are closely linked not only to upper-limb strength but also to lower-body engagement within the kinetic chain. In particular, functional hip abductor activity appears to contribute to efficient ground reaction force transfer and trunk rotation mechanics, supporting the notion that the kinetic chain must operate cohesively rather than relying on isolated muscle strength. Accordingly, training approaches emphasizing isometric force generation and neuromuscular coordination may offer meaningful benefits. Such methods may optimize the sequence of force transfer throughout the pitching motion while simultaneously reducing excessive stress placed on the shoulder and elbow—injuries frequently observed in high-volume youth pitchers.
Although further research, particularly longitudinal intervention studies, is necessary to confirm training-based causal effects, the present findings highlight the value of integrated strength development programs that consider coordination, joint stability, and force-transfer efficiency. These insights may serve as a reference point for coaches, medical staff, and strength-conditioning specialists seeking to enhance pitching performance while mitigating the risk of overuse-related injuries among high school baseball pitchers.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 1
• 2. 연구목적 7
• 3. 연구문제 7
• 4. 연구의 제한점 7
• 5. 용어의 정의 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 11
• 1. 투구와 구속의 이해 11
• 2. 속도 합성의 생체역학적 원리 19
• 3. 신체기능 요인과 구속 21
• 4. 퍼포먼스 요인과 구속 24
• 5. 선행연구 28
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 31
• 1. 연구대상 31
• 2. 실험설계 32
• 3. 측정방법 33
• 4. 측정도구 41
• 5. 자료처리 42
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 43
• 1. 신체기능 요인과 퍼포먼스 요인의 변인 결과 43
• 2. 신체기능 요인과 구속의 분석 결과 45
• 3. 퍼포먼스 요인과 구속의 분석 결과 48
• Ⅴ. 논 의 50
• 1. 구속과 신체기능 변인 간의 연관성 분석 50
• 2. 구속과 퍼포먼스 변인 간의 연관성 분석 54
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 60
• 1. 결론 60
• 2. 제언 62
• 참고문헌 64
• ABSTRACT 75