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    갱년기 남성 전임상 모델에서 애플민트(Mentha suaveolens Ehrh.) 에탄올 추출물의 테스토스테론 및 증상 개선 효과 = Ameliorative Effects of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Ethanol Extract on LOH-Related Testosterone Decline and Symptoms in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17401962

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    Late-onset hypogonadism(LOH) in men is a syndrome characterized by an age-related decline in testosterone levels accompanied by various clinical symptoms. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. has been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and is known to be rich in phenolic compounds. However, its influence on male reproductive function, particularly testosterone biosynthesis, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. extract(MSE) on testosterone regulation and clinical symptoms associated with LOH using both in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, hCG stimulated TM3 cells(mouse Leydig cell line) were pretreated with MSE(50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) and subsequently exposed to H2O2 to establish an in vitro model of LOH. In vitro, MSE significantly upregulated the expression of key steroidogenic genes, including StAR and 17β-HSD3, while downregulating CYP19A1 and SRD5A2, resulting in a 1-fold and 2.67-fold increase in testosterone levels at 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively(P<0.001). To further validate these findings, in vivo studies were subsequently performed using 34-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. In vivo models were administered low and high doses of MSE(MSE-L and MSE-H) daily for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the MSE-H group exhibited increased LHR expression, which enhanced LH/LHR binding. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the expression of StAR and 17β-HSD3 was also elevated. Although CYP11A1 did not show significant changes, downstream enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis(CYP17A1, 3β-HSD2, 17β-HSD3) were upregulated, leading to a significant 1.34-fold increase in serum total testosterone levels(P<0.05). Furthermore, MSE also restored skeletal muscle mass and improved grip strength(P<0.05), and the MSE-H group increased FSHR gene and protein expression, leading to a significant elevation of sperm count(P<0.05). HPLC analysis revealed that MSE contained 45.292 mg/g of rosmarinic acid, suggesting it as a major bioactive compound of MSE. Finally, these findings demonstrate that MSE enhances testosterone biosynthesis and ameliorates LOH-associated symptoms(reductions in skeletal muscle mass and reproductive dysfunction), supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for late-onset hypogonadism.
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    Late-onset hypogonadism(LOH) in men is a syndrome characterized by an age-related decline in testosterone levels accompanied by various clinical symptoms. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. has been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicro...

    Late-onset hypogonadism(LOH) in men is a syndrome characterized by an age-related decline in testosterone levels accompanied by various clinical symptoms. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. has been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and is known to be rich in phenolic compounds. However, its influence on male reproductive function, particularly testosterone biosynthesis, remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. extract(MSE) on testosterone regulation and clinical symptoms associated with LOH using both in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, hCG stimulated TM3 cells(mouse Leydig cell line) were pretreated with MSE(50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) and subsequently exposed to H2O2 to establish an in vitro model of LOH. In vitro, MSE significantly upregulated the expression of key steroidogenic genes, including StAR and 17β-HSD3, while downregulating CYP19A1 and SRD5A2, resulting in a 1-fold and 2.67-fold increase in testosterone levels at 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively(P<0.001). To further validate these findings, in vivo studies were subsequently performed using 34-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. In vivo models were administered low and high doses of MSE(MSE-L and MSE-H) daily for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the MSE-H group exhibited increased LHR expression, which enhanced LH/LHR binding. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the expression of StAR and 17β-HSD3 was also elevated. Although CYP11A1 did not show significant changes, downstream enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis(CYP17A1, 3β-HSD2, 17β-HSD3) were upregulated, leading to a significant 1.34-fold increase in serum total testosterone levels(P<0.05). Furthermore, MSE also restored skeletal muscle mass and improved grip strength(P<0.05), and the MSE-H group increased FSHR gene and protein expression, leading to a significant elevation of sperm count(P<0.05). HPLC analysis revealed that MSE contained 45.292 mg/g of rosmarinic acid, suggesting it as a major bioactive compound of MSE. Finally, these findings demonstrate that MSE enhances testosterone biosynthesis and ameliorates LOH-associated symptoms(reductions in skeletal muscle mass and reproductive dysfunction), supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for late-onset hypogonadism.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • Ⅰ. 서론 1
    • 연구목적 3
    • Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
    • 2.1. 남성갱년기 증후군 4
    • 1) 남성갱년기 증후군의 정의 및 현황 4
    • Ⅰ. 서론 1
    • 연구목적 3
    • Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 4
    • 2.1. 남성갱년기 증후군 4
    • 1) 남성갱년기 증후군의 정의 및 현황 4
    • 2) 테스토스테론 합성 및 대사 5
    • 3) 남성갱년기 증후군 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 천연물 소재 6
    • Ⅲ. 재료 및 방법 8
    • 3.1. 실험 재료 8
    • 1) In vitro assay 8
    • 2) In vivo assay 9
    • 3.2. 실험 방법 10
    • 1) In vitro assay 10
    • (1) 세포 배양 10
    • (2) 세포 생존율 10
    • (3) 테스토스테론 측정 11
    • (4) Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction 11
    • (5) 통계분석 12
    • 2) In vivo assay 14
    • (1) 실험 동물 14
    • (2) 실험군 및 MSE의 경구투여 14
    • (3) 체중 및 식이효율 측정 16
    • (4) 동물의 혈액 및 조직 수집 16
    • (5) Grip strength 측정 17
    • (6) 정자 수 측정 17
    • (7) Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay(ELISA) 17
    • (8) Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction 18
    • (9) Western blot assay 18
    • (10) 통계분석 19
    • 3) High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) 19
    • Ⅳ. 결과 및 고찰 21
    • 4.1. 남성갱년기 in vitro 모델에 대한 MSE의 효과 21
    • 1) MSE의 TM3 세포 생존율에 대한 영향 21
    • 2) MSE가 남성갱년기 in vitro 모델에서 테스토스테론 생성에 미치는 영향 23
    • 3) MSE가 남성갱년기 in vitro 모델의 테스토스테론 생합성 효소에 미치는 영향 25
    • 4.2. 남성갱년기 in vivo 모델에서 MSE의 효과 29
    • 1) 남성갱년기 in vivo 모델의 설립 29
    • 2) MSE가 체중 및 주요 기관에 미치는 영향 31
    • 3) MSE가 남성갱년기 마우스의 혈청 총 테스토스테론 및 유리 테스토스테론에 미치는 영향 35
    • 4) MSE가 남성갱년기 마우스 고환의 Leydig 세포 기능에 미치는 영향 37
    • 5) MSE가 남성갱년기 마우스의 고환에서 테스토스테론 합성 및 분해에 관여하는 효소의 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향 39
    • 6) MSE의 남성갱년기 마우스에서 근육량 및 근력 기능 개선 효과 43
    • 7) MSE의 남성갱년기 마우스에서 정자 수 증가 효과 및 정자 형성 관련 효소에 미치는 영향 47
    • 8) MSE의 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 분석 52
    • Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 55
    • 참고문헌 57
    • ABSTRACT 66
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