The SWIR (Short-Wavelength Infrared) band corresponds to the wavelength range from approximately 1μm to 3μm and can be used in various industrial fields such as semiconductor inspection, soil moisture content and mineral identification, and multispe...
The SWIR (Short-Wavelength Infrared) band corresponds to the wavelength range from approximately 1μm to 3μm and can be used in various industrial fields such as semiconductor inspection, soil moisture content and mineral identification, and multispectral imaging. This wavelength region exhibits relatively high transmittance and low scattering characteristics, along with high energy density and excellent phase stability of the waves, which provides favorable experimental conditions for wavelength conversion and resonance control studies compared to other wavelength bands. Thus, research converting incident light in the SWIR region to the near-infrared or visible light regions can help understand energy transfer characteristics and electromagnetic mode interactions across different wavelength bands. It also offers the potential to detect the SWIR band using silicon (Si), which facilitates near-infrared and visible light detection.
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), formed at the interface between a metal and a dielectric, are surface waves arising from the coupling of electromagnetic waves with the vibrations of free electrons within the metal. They possess the characteristic of being able to localize light within a very narrow region. Also, SPP significantly amplifies the electric field at the metal-dielectric interface, and enables efficient control of energy flow at the nanoscale because the SPP wavelength is shorter than the incident light wavelength.
In this study, the characteristics of SPP generated at the Al-Si3N4, interface, when 1.5 μm light in the SWIR band is incident on a structure consisting of a Slit-shaped Al pattern covered with Si3N4, were analyzed using the FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method. This analysis examined the electromagnetic field distribution and wavelength conversion characteristics of the SPP resonance phenomenon occurring at the Al-Slit pattern/Si3N4 dielectric interface. To facilitate conversion to the near-infrared wavelength of 0.708μm, we adopted an Al-Slit structure with Wx = 0.75μm, Wy = 6.0μm, Lx = 1.2μm, and Ly = 6.6μm, H=0.55μm. As the spacing (Wx) between Al-Slits decreased from 1.0μm to 0.1μm, the SPP wavelength shifted from 0.75μm to 0.62μm with decreased transmittance from 64% to 10% and increased reflectance from 32% to 80%. Moreover, it was confirmed that the SPP wavelength remained stable at 708 nm regardless of the incident angle of the 1.5μm wavelength light incident on the proposed structure, even when the angle varied from 0° to 60°. Then, the current density distribution was analyzed in the upper region and side region of the Al pattern where the Al-Si3N4 interface was formed, and in the lower region of the Al pattern where the Al-Si interface was formed. The results showed that the current density in the Al-Si3N4 side region of the proposed structure varies with wavelength, exhibiting particularly high values at 1.3μm and 1.5–1.7μm. Based on this, the responsivity and I-V characteristics of the samples fabricated through photolithography process were measured to verify its performance. As a result, the devices exhibite a high optical responsivity of over 0.005 A/W and showe an approximately 12-fold difference between the photocurrent (7.32×10-8 A) and the dark current (5.8×10-9 A) at –1V.