In environments where physical input is difficult, gaze-based eye input systems using eye-tracking technology have gained attention in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), particularly as a communication tool for individuals with severe physical disabi...
In environments where physical input is difficult, gaze-based eye input systems using eye-tracking technology have gained attention in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), particularly as a communication tool for individuals with severe physical disabilities. Although gaze input relies on rotational eye movements and a single-point input method, most on-screen keyboards still follow the rectangular QWERTY layout designed for multi-finger typing, resulting in structural limitations in input efficiency.
Previous studies proposed circular key layouts and reported positive results under certain conditions. However, these studies did not address keyboard designs that consider actual text input. Therefore, this study proposes a circular Hangeul keyboard optimized for gaze input and evaluates the usability of its layout strategy
through experiments.
Preliminary experiments identified areas where users’ gaze tends to concentrate. The results showed that combining color and physical spacing effectively guides gaze toward specific regions. Based on these findings, two keyboard layouts (A and B) were designed by reflecting the usage frequency and combinational characteristics of Hangeul characters.
Since this study represents an early stage of keyboard layout development, the main experiment was conducted with general users in a gaze-based input environment. Quantitative measures such as gaze path agreement, input time, and accuracy were collected, along with qualitative measures including ease of use, fatigue, and satisfaction. The results showed that Layout B performed better than Layout A in terms of gaze path agreement and subjective evaluations.
This study demonstrates the potential of a circular Hangeul keyboard optimized for gaze input and provides foundational insights for future eye-input systems and gaze-based interface design.