칼빈의 천사론 : 존 칼빈의 주석과『기독교강요』를 중심으로 = Calvin’s thoughts on Angels: Focusing on John Calvin’s Commentaries and the Institutes of the Christian Religion

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 존 칼빈의 성경 주석과 『기독교강요』 전권을 중심으로 그의 천사론을 종합적으로 도출하고 교의론적 함의를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 칼빈이 실제로 성경을 해석하는 과정에서 천사를 어떻게 이해하는지를 주석 전체에서 추적하고, 이를 『기독교강요』 1–4권의 신학적 진술과 유기적으로 결합하여 분석한다.
이를 위해 먼저 구약과 신약에 등장하는 천사 관련 본문들 가운데 신학적으로 의미 있는 해석을 제시한 본문들을 검토하였다. 구약에 천사는 여호와의 사자, 그룹, 가브리엘, 미가엘 등으로 나타나며 계시와 찬양, 보호와 심판 사역, 하나님의 주권 아래 움직이는 사역자로 나타난다. 신약에는 그리스도의 성육신과 부활*승천을 기점으로 사람과의 위치가 전복되어 천사의 역할이 재정의되는 과정을 고찰하였다. 특히 칼빈은 천사를 구약 시대의 심판자이자 계시 전달자로 인정하면서도, 신약 교회 안에서는 사도와 교회가 그 기능을 위임받았다는 점을 강조하며, 고전 6:2-3; 갈 1:8; 히 1:13-14을 통해 교회가 장차 천사까지 심판하게 될 종말론적 전환점을 제시한다.
이와 마찬가지로『기독교강요』 1권부터 4권을 검토하면, 천사는 하나님의 군대, 찬양대, 중보자(심판, 계시)로 등장하는데, 교회의 직분자가 천사의 사명을 위임받은 말씀의 사자이자 심판의 사자라는 내용이 도출된다. 이를 통해 칼빈의 천사론은 단편적 교리가 아니라, 구원론·인간론·교회론을 관통하는 통합적 신학 구조 속에서 기능하는 교의적 함의를 가지고 있음을 제시한다.
결론적으로 본 논문은 개혁주의 진영 내에 천사에 대한 무관심을 반성하고, 칼빈의 천사론이 천사를 숭배나 신비적 사변의 대상으로 제거하는 동시에, 기독론을 풍성하게 하며, 인간과 교회를 통합적으로 이해하는 데 핵심적인 주제임을 제시한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 ····························································1
• 1. 문제제기 및 배경 ··········································1
• 2. 본 연구의 목적과 방향 ····································5
• 3. 연구 방법 및 구성··········································5
• 4. 연구의 범위··················································5
• II. 본론 ···························································7
• 1. 주석 ··························································7
• 1.1. 구약에 나타난 천사와 그 역할 ························7
• 1.1.1. 모세오경 ··············································7
• 1.1.2. 역사서 ·················································18
• 1.1.3. 시편 ····················································19
• 1.1.4. 선지서 ·················································27
• 1.1.5. 소결론 ·················································43
• 1.2. 신약에 나타난 천사와 그 역할 ························45
• 1.2.1. 복음서 ·················································45
• 1.2.2. 사도행전 ··············································52
• 1.2.3. 서신서 ·················································54
• 2. 기독교강요 ··················································66
• 3. 교의론적 함의 ··············································75
• 3.1. 인간론 ····················································75
• 3.2. 교회론 ····················································77
• III. 결론 ··························································82
• 참고 문헌 ························································86