Background : Sarcopenia is a progressive condition characterized by declining muscle mass and function, increasingly linked to falls, frailty, and mortality. While diagnostic criteria have evolved over time, the recently introduced 2023 KWGS criteria ...
Background : Sarcopenia is a progressive condition characterized by declining muscle mass and function, increasingly linked to falls, frailty, and mortality. While diagnostic criteria have evolved over time, the recently introduced 2023 KWGS criteria emphasize streamlined assessments and introduce functional sarcopenia to address cases with functional decline but preserved muscle mass. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and newly defined functional sarcopenia among older Koreans using the KWGS definition and investigates its association with fall history, considering sex-specific differences and distinguishing between single and multiple falls.
Methods : This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the KFACS, including 2,401 older adults aged 70–84. The prevalence of sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia, and functional sarcopenia, as defined by KWGS guidelines through assessments of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, was analyzed along with sex differences. The association with fall experiences was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Fall experiences and fractures were self-reported, with multiple falls defined as two or more falls within a year.
Results : The study found that the prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia was higher in men, while functional sarcopenia was more common in women. Sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were significantly associated with an increased risk of falls and multiple falls in men, particularly when slow gait speed or TUG criteria were met. In contrast, functional sarcopenia with slow gait speed was linked to a higher risk of fall-related fractures in men but not in women. These findings highlight the importance of assessing both muscle mass and function and suggest sex-specific differences in sarcopenia's impact on falls and fractures.
Conclusion : This study highlights sex differences in the association between sarcopenia prevalence using the new KWGS guidelines and fall experiences. While men showed significant associations across all sarcopenia types, whereas women showed little to no significant associations for most sarcopenia types based on various criteria.