With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, sensor fusion, and autonomous
driving technologies, transport robots have become increasingly prevalent across various
industrial and service domains, including manufacturing, agriculture, logisti...
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, sensor fusion, and autonomous
driving technologies, transport robots have become increasingly prevalent across various
industrial and service domains, including manufacturing, agriculture, logistics, and urban
environmental management. Societal changes such as population aging, labor shortages, and
the growing demand for efficiency and safety in repetitive tasks have further amplified the
importance of transport robots. However, most commercially available transport robots are
designed for single, environment-specific purposes, which limits their adaptability, scalability,
and operational efficiency across diverse contexts. This situation highlights the need for a
modular, multi-purpose transport robot platform capable of responding flexibly to
heterogeneous operational environments.
This study aims to propose a design framework and structural principles for a Modular
Multipurpose Transport Robot (MMTR) capable of operating across factory, agricultural, and
urban cleaning environments within a single platform architecture. To achieve this, the study
first reviews the definition and technological evolution of transport robots and analyzes
representative industrial cases to identify environment-specific requirements related to task
flow, load characteristics, mobility constraints, and human robot interaction. The analysis
reveals that conventional single-purpose robots suffer from strong environmental dependency
and limited functional extensibility.
Based on a design-driven research methodology, the study systematically proceeds
through problem definition, environmental classification, requirement analysis, concept
development, structural design, and operational simulation. The proposed MMTR platform
consists of a standardized base mobility platform integrating autonomous navigation, sensor
systems, and drive mechanisms, combined with interchangeable upper functional modules
tailored to specific tasks. These modules include pallet lifting systems for factory logistics,
cargo beds for agricultural transport, and collection modules for urban cleaning operations.
Furthermore, the platform incorporates four independently driven wheels, enabling high
maneuverability through zero-turn rotation and Z-path maneuvering, which enhances
navigation performance in confined or complex environments.
The results demonstrate that the proposed modular platform offers clear advantages over
conventional single-purpose transport robots in terms of environmental adaptability,
functional scalability, and maintenance efficiency. Operational simulations confirm its
applicability across multiple environments through modular reconfiguration and
scenario-based task execution. By redefining transport robots as a multi-environment,
platform-based system rather than isolated task-specific devices, this study provides a
foundational design approach for future research on modular transport robots and scalable
service robot platforms, contributing both academically and industrially to the field of robot
design.