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      중국 신에너지 자동차 산업 클러스터가 지역 경제 성장에 미치는 공간적 파급효과에 관한 연구

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17396173

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

      In the context of China's "dual-carbon" goals (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) and the energy transition, the new energy vehicle industry has exhibited pronounced spatial agglomeration under the joint influence of policy support and technological progress. Such clustering can reshape regional economic performance through factor mobility and network-based collaboration, with spillovers that may manifest as either positive diffusion or negative crowding-out. However, existing studies lack an integrated framework linking cluster measurement, spatial-effect identification, and mechanism testing, which limits assessment across alternative spatial specifications and obscures the channels through which cluster effects operate. This study investigates how new energy vehicle industrial clusters affect economic growth using provincial panel data for China over 2011-2022. Economic performance is measured by CPI-adjusted GDP per capita in logarithms, while cluster intensity is proxied by the location quotient (LQ). The analysis controls for capital, labor, science and technology input, infrastructure, and human capital. The baseline specification is a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with two-way fixed effects, and spatial dependence is first confirmed using Moran’s I. To assess the sensitivity of spatial linkages, the study estimates the model under an economic-distance spatial weights matrix and an economic – geographic composite matrix, and interprets results through the decomposition into direct, indirect (spillover), and total effects. Robustness checks are conducted by replacing the spatial weights matrix and substituting alternative dependent variables. To address potential endogeneity, the study applies an instrumental-variable two-stage least squares approach (IV– 2SLS) and evaluates exogeneity using the Durbin–Wu–Hausman test. Finally, mechanism tests examine the transmission channels of cluster effects by using the number of NEV-related patents (RD) as a proxy for technological innovation diffusion and the number of related firms (Indu) as a proxy for industrial-chain collaboration, incorporating interaction terms and spatially lagged variables to identify the pathways of spillovers. Empirical results indicate that NEV industrial clusters promote regional economic performance, but the estimated spillover pattern depends on the spatial weights matrix. Under the economic-distance matrix, the decomposed direct, indirect (spillover), and total effects are all positive but not statistically significant, implying that the direction of influence is consistent while the evidence is not strong enough to draw a definitive conclusion on spillovers among economically similar regions. By contrast, when geographic proximity is incorporated through the economic – geographic composite matrix, the indirect effect becomes significantly positive and larger than the direct effect, and the total effect is also significantly positive. This suggests that diffusion effects are more likely to be realized when regions are geographically adjacent and connected through practical channels such as logistics, supply-chain linkages, and interregional interaction. The mechanism analysis provides stronger support for the technological-innovation channel. Patent output significantly promotes regional growth, and once innovation is controlled for, the direct effect of clustering weakens while the cluster–patent interaction term remains significantly positive. In contrast, evidence for the industrial- chain collaboration channel is comparatively weaker and less stable. The number of related firms does not translate mechanically into growth gains, and the cluster– industry-chain interaction term is significantly negative in the within-region (direct- effect) estimates, suggesting that expanding related firms may dilute the marginal growth contribution of clustering when it is associated with homogeneous expansion or resource crowding. Spillover reinforcement through supply-chain networks therefore appears to be conditional on the quality of interregional specialization and coordination rather than on a simple increase in firm counts. This study proposes an integrated framework linking cluster measurement, spatial effects, and mechanisms. Using a Spatial Durbin panel model, it estimates the direct and spillover effects of NEV clusters on regional growth and incorporates strategic emerging industries' spatial externalities into agglomeration theory. The findings show a dual effect: clusters can promote coordinated growth via innovation networks but may reduce gains among similarly developed regions under intensified competition. The study advances the cluster-spillover literature and provides evidence for cluster- oriented policies in policy-driven high-technology industries. The policy implications are threefold. First, NEV cluster policy should prioritize interregional linkages and diffusion rather than local scale expansion alone; policy evaluation should focus on whether clustering promotes coordinated regional growth and yields sustainable spillovers. Second, positive spillovers require stronger cross-regional infrastructure—especially transport and logistics — fewer institutional and market barriers, and lower collaboration costs through unified standards, coordinated regulation, and benefit- sharing mechanisms; meanwhile, governments should avoid duplicative investment and homogeneous industrial planning by clarifying the division of labor and leveraging regional complementarities. Third, while supporting leading regions in strengthening core innovation capacity, policymakers should facilitate the diffusion of experience and technology to latecomer regions via technology-transfer platforms, interregional R&D collaboration, and outcome sharing. With greater factor mobility and cooperation, NEV clusters can drive coordinated regional development rather than intensify competition. Keywords: new energy vehicle (NEV) industrial clusters; regional economic growth; spatial spillover effects; Spatial Durbin Model (SDM); technology diffusion and industrial chain collaboration
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      In the context of China's "dual-carbon" goals (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) and the energy transition, the new energy vehicle industry has exhibited pronounced spatial agglomeration under the joint influence of policy support and technologica...

      In the context of China's "dual-carbon" goals (carbon peaking and carbon neutrality) and the energy transition, the new energy vehicle industry has exhibited pronounced spatial agglomeration under the joint influence of policy support and technological progress. Such clustering can reshape regional economic performance through factor mobility and network-based collaboration, with spillovers that may manifest as either positive diffusion or negative crowding-out. However, existing studies lack an integrated framework linking cluster measurement, spatial-effect identification, and mechanism testing, which limits assessment across alternative spatial specifications and obscures the channels through which cluster effects operate. This study investigates how new energy vehicle industrial clusters affect economic growth using provincial panel data for China over 2011-2022. Economic performance is measured by CPI-adjusted GDP per capita in logarithms, while cluster intensity is proxied by the location quotient (LQ). The analysis controls for capital, labor, science and technology input, infrastructure, and human capital. The baseline specification is a Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with two-way fixed effects, and spatial dependence is first confirmed using Moran’s I. To assess the sensitivity of spatial linkages, the study estimates the model under an economic-distance spatial weights matrix and an economic – geographic composite matrix, and interprets results through the decomposition into direct, indirect (spillover), and total effects. Robustness checks are conducted by replacing the spatial weights matrix and substituting alternative dependent variables. To address potential endogeneity, the study applies an instrumental-variable two-stage least squares approach (IV– 2SLS) and evaluates exogeneity using the Durbin–Wu–Hausman test. Finally, mechanism tests examine the transmission channels of cluster effects by using the number of NEV-related patents (RD) as a proxy for technological innovation diffusion and the number of related firms (Indu) as a proxy for industrial-chain collaboration, incorporating interaction terms and spatially lagged variables to identify the pathways of spillovers. Empirical results indicate that NEV industrial clusters promote regional economic performance, but the estimated spillover pattern depends on the spatial weights matrix. Under the economic-distance matrix, the decomposed direct, indirect (spillover), and total effects are all positive but not statistically significant, implying that the direction of influence is consistent while the evidence is not strong enough to draw a definitive conclusion on spillovers among economically similar regions. By contrast, when geographic proximity is incorporated through the economic – geographic composite matrix, the indirect effect becomes significantly positive and larger than the direct effect, and the total effect is also significantly positive. This suggests that diffusion effects are more likely to be realized when regions are geographically adjacent and connected through practical channels such as logistics, supply-chain linkages, and interregional interaction. The mechanism analysis provides stronger support for the technological-innovation channel. Patent output significantly promotes regional growth, and once innovation is controlled for, the direct effect of clustering weakens while the cluster–patent interaction term remains significantly positive. In contrast, evidence for the industrial- chain collaboration channel is comparatively weaker and less stable. The number of related firms does not translate mechanically into growth gains, and the cluster– industry-chain interaction term is significantly negative in the within-region (direct- effect) estimates, suggesting that expanding related firms may dilute the marginal growth contribution of clustering when it is associated with homogeneous expansion or resource crowding. Spillover reinforcement through supply-chain networks therefore appears to be conditional on the quality of interregional specialization and coordination rather than on a simple increase in firm counts. This study proposes an integrated framework linking cluster measurement, spatial effects, and mechanisms. Using a Spatial Durbin panel model, it estimates the direct and spillover effects of NEV clusters on regional growth and incorporates strategic emerging industries' spatial externalities into agglomeration theory. The findings show a dual effect: clusters can promote coordinated growth via innovation networks but may reduce gains among similarly developed regions under intensified competition. The study advances the cluster-spillover literature and provides evidence for cluster- oriented policies in policy-driven high-technology industries. The policy implications are threefold. First, NEV cluster policy should prioritize interregional linkages and diffusion rather than local scale expansion alone; policy evaluation should focus on whether clustering promotes coordinated regional growth and yields sustainable spillovers. Second, positive spillovers require stronger cross-regional infrastructure—especially transport and logistics — fewer institutional and market barriers, and lower collaboration costs through unified standards, coordinated regulation, and benefit- sharing mechanisms; meanwhile, governments should avoid duplicative investment and homogeneous industrial planning by clarifying the division of labor and leveraging regional complementarities. Third, while supporting leading regions in strengthening core innovation capacity, policymakers should facilitate the diffusion of experience and technology to latecomer regions via technology-transfer platforms, interregional R&D collaboration, and outcome sharing. With greater factor mobility and cooperation, NEV clusters can drive coordinated regional development rather than intensify competition. Keywords: new energy vehicle (NEV) industrial clusters; regional economic growth; spatial spillover effects; Spatial Durbin Model (SDM); technology diffusion and industrial chain collaboration

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      목차 (Table of Contents)

      • 표 목차 v
      • 그림 목차 vi
      • Abstract vii
      • 제 1 장 서론 1
      • 제 1 절 연구 배경과 목적 1
      • 표 목차 v
      • 그림 목차 vi
      • Abstract vii
      • 제 1 장 서론 1
      • 제 1 절 연구 배경과 목적 1
      • 제 2 절 연구 방법 2
      • 제 3 절 연구의 구성 4
      • 제 2 장 이론적 배경 및 선행연구 7
      • 제 1 절 산업 클러스터 이론 관련 연구 7
      • 1. 전통 이론: 마셜 이론과 성장극 이론 7
      • 2. 현대 이론: 경쟁우위 이론, 혁신 네트워크 및 신경제지리학 8
      • 3. 산업 클러스터가 지역 경제에 미치는 직·간접적 영향10
      • 제 2 절 지역 경제 성장의 영향 요인 및 산업 클러스터의 역할 11
      • 1. 자본, 노동, 기술 진보와 지역 경제성장 11
      • 2. 산업 구조 고도화와 질적 성장 13
      • 3. 산업 클러스터의 기술 확산과 성장 촉진 효과 15
      • 제 3 절 공간적 파급효과와 지역 연동에 관한 연구 16
      • 1. 공간적 파급효과의 개념 및 영향 경로 16
      • 2. 지역 경제 상호작용의 공간적 외부성 분석 18
      • 3. 공간적 파급효과의 측정방법 및 지역별 차이 분석 20
      • 제 4 절 신에너지 자동차 산업의 개념 및 산업 특성 21
      • 1. 신에너지 자동차의 정의, 분류 및 범위 설정 21
      • 2. 신에너지 자동차 산업의 핵심 기술 특징 22
      • 3. 신에너지 자동차 산업 체인 구조 및 생태계 23
      • 제 5 절 신에너지 자동차 산업에 관한 연구 24
      • 1. 신에너지 자동차 산업의 발전 동향 및 정책 지원 24
      • 2. 중국 신에너지 자동차 산업의 지역 분포 및 클러스터 특성 27
      • 3. 신에너지 자동차 산업 클러스터의 지역 경제 파급 경로 28
      • 4. 신에너지 자동차 산업 클러스터의 공간 파급효과 연구29
      • 제 6 절 선행 연구의 공백 및 본 연구의 기여 31
      • 제 3 장 중국 신에너지 자동차 산업 클러스터 현황 분석 33
      • 제 1 절 산업 클러스터 형성 배경 및 구동요인 33
      • 1. 정책의 주도적 역할 33
      • 2. 기술 진보와 산업 변혁 35
      • 3. 시장 수요의 급증 37
      • 제 2 절 신에너지 자동차 산업 클러스터의 발전 단계 41
      • 1. 시작 및 정책 주도(2009 년 이전) 41
      • 2. 보조금 구동 및 완성차 지향(2010-2015 년) 42
      • 3. 질적 성장 단계(2016-2020 년) 44
      • 4. 지능화 및 친환경 전환기(2021 년-현재) 45
      • 제 3 절 산업 체인 구조 47
      • 1. 상류: 핵심 원자재 및 주요 부품 48
      • 2. 중류: 완성차 제조 및 핵심 기술 통합 49
      • 3. 하류: 판매망 및 A/S 체계 50
      • 제 4 절 산업 클러스터의 지역 분포와 공간적 특성 52
      • 1. 동부 연안 지역의 선도적 우위 53
      • 2. 중서부 후발 주자의 잠재력과 전략적 부상 54
      • 제 5 절 클러스터 발전의 도전과 대응 55
      • 1. 생산 과잉과 동질화 경쟁 55
      • 2. 기술 장벽 및 핵심 기술의 제약 56
      • 3. 지역 보호주의와 자원배분의 효율성 문제57
      • 4. 정책 최적화와 고품질 클러스터 발전의 경로 선택 58
      • 제 4 장 실증분석 60
      • 제 1 절 연구 모형 설계 61
      • 1. 공간 가중치 행렬 구성 61
      • 2. 공간 자기상관 모형 65
      • 3. 공간계량모형의 설정 66
      • 4. 공간더빈모형(SDM)의 선택 69
      • 제 2 절 데이터 선택 및 변수 설명 71
      • 1. 데이터 출처 및 처리 71
      • 2. 핵심 설명 변수74
      • 3. 종속 변수 81
      • 4. 통제 변수 설정 및 이론적 배경 82
      • 5. 다중 공선성 검사 89
      • 제 3 절 공간 자기상관 검정 93
      • 1. 전역 모란 지수(Global Moran’s I) 공간 자기상관 검정 93
      • 2. Local Moran’s I 공간 자기상관 검정 94
      • 제 4 절 공간더빈모형(SDM)의 실증결과 분석 95
      • 1. SDM 모델 추정 결과 95
      • 2. SDM 모델의 직·간접 및 총효과 분석 99
      • 3. SDM 모델의 공간확산 효과 분석 103
      • 제 5 절 강건성 검증 105
      • 1. 변수 측정방식 교체 105
      • 2. 공간 행렬 변경 109
      • 3. 내생성 검증: 도구 변수(IV) 2 단계 최소제곱법 116
      • 제 6 절 메커니즘 검증 121
      • 1. 메커니즘 검증의 이론적 기초와 변수 선택 122
      • 2. 모델 구축 및 구체적인 검증 절차123
      • 3. 분석 결과 및 이론 검증 125
      • 제 7 절 소결 131
      • 제 5 장 정책 건의 및 현실적 시사점 133
      • 제 1 절 클러스터 정책 방향 및 공간 파급효과 133
      • 제 2 절 동질적 경쟁 및 성(省) 간 분업 체계 134
      • 제 3 절 기술 혁신 확산 및 정책 수단 135
      • 제 4 절 산업 체인 협력 및 최적화 137
      • 제 5 절 파급 통로 구축 및 요소 배분 138
      • 제 6 절 협동 거버넌스 및 성과 평가 139
      • 제 6 장 결론 및 전망 142
      • 제 1 절 연구 결론 142
      • 제 2 절 연구의 공헌 및 시사점 143
      • 제 3 절 향후 과제 145
      • 참고문헌 147
      • 국내 문헌 147
      • 중국어 문헌 147
      • 영어 문헌 154
      • 국문초록 159
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