This study attempted to develop low-sugar and low-salt products by manufacturing Gochujang using natural materials allulose and ice plants to solve the problem of high sugar and sodium content of Gochujang amid the increasing demand for sugar and sodi...
This study attempted to develop low-sugar and low-salt products by manufacturing Gochujang using natural materials allulose and ice plants to solve the problem of high sugar and sodium content of Gochujang amid the increasing demand for sugar and sodium reduction due to the global increase in diabetes.
In this study, 11 samples of Gochujang were prepared by the central synthesis design (CCD) using Design expert 10 based on the minimum and maximum amount of ice plant and allulose set through a preliminary experiment. In addition, the effect of the mixing ratio of the two independent variables on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Gochujang was analyzed, and the optimal mixing ratio was derived through a canonical analysis method.
Gochujang prepared at the derived optimum ratio was verified for nutritional excellence by additionally evaluating general ingredients and antioxidant activity.
As a result of the analysis of physicochemical properties, chromaticity did not show significant statistical values, and sugar content, salinity, and pH values confirmed that allulose had a greater influence.
As a result of the sensory characteristic test, the influence of allulose was greater overall, and the positive effect was confirmed by showing an increase in preference as the amount of ice plant added increased.
Based on the sensory test results, ice plant and allulose were set as the causative components, and appearance, color, flavor, sweetness, saltiness, texture, and overall preference were set as the reaction results, and an optimization analysis was conducted using a canonical analysis method. The optimum addition amount was 11.51g of ice plant and 139.49g of allulose were calculated as the optimum addition amount, and it was confirmed that the Desirability at this time was 0.937, showing a high degree of convergence.
The moisture content was 5.42% for general Gochujang and 9.98% for low-spec Gochujang, but the inquiry content was 9.46% for general Gochujang and 7.49% for low-spec Gochujang, which was lower than general Gochujang.
The crude fat content was 2.84 percent for ordinary Gochujang and 2.82 percent for low-spec Gochujang, showing no significant difference from that of ordinary Gochujang. The crude protein content was 7.5 percent for ordinary Gochujang and 8 percent for low-spec Gochujang, showing no significant difference from that of ordinary Gochujang.
The carbohydrate content was 74.79% for general Gochujang and 71.70% for low-spec Gochujang, which was lower than that of general Gochujang. As a result of the calorific analysis, the general Gochujang was 354.66 Kcal for low-spec Gochujang, which was 344.20 Kcal, which was lower in calorific value than the general Gochujang. In this study, the calorific value was calculated using the Atwater coefficient, and it is believed that the actual calorific value is different from the actual calorific value because allulose has significantly lower calorific value (0.39 kcal/g) than general carbohydrates, and the actual calorific value is believed to be lower than the calculated value, and it was confirmed by the numerical value that it is nutritionally superior to general Gochujang.
The total polyphenol content of low-spec Gochujang was 3.77 mgGAE/g, which was 1.19 times higher than that of general Gochujang, and the DPPH radical erasure ability was 58.54%, which was 1.15 times higher than that of general Gochujang, confirming that the antioxidant power was excellent.
This study suggested the academic scalability of low-salt and low-sugar fermented foods by examining the possibility of using plant salt substitute materials and alternative sugars that can be applied to fermentation processes using ice plants.
In addition, through a complex approach that applies both elements at the same time, the industrial applicability of a health-oriented product model that can replace existing intestines was verified.