The domestic bakery market has shown an increasing demand for products with functional and nutritional value due to the growing trend toward health-focused consumption. Accordingly, health-oriented bakery products containing various functional food in...
The domestic bakery market has shown an increasing demand for products with functional and nutritional value due to the growing trend toward health-focused consumption. Accordingly, health-oriented bakery products containing various functional food ingredients have gained attention; however, research applying turmeric—known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties—has been limited to a few items, with insufficient studies on its use in bakery products. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the expansion and research of the health-oriented bakery market by developing a turmeric-supplemented baguette that enhances both functionality and consumer acceptability.
The purpose of this study is to identify the optimal formulation and evaluate the quality characteristics of baguettes supplemented with turmeric powder. Based on theoretical research on turmeric and baguettes as well as prior studies and preliminary tests, response surface methodology (RSM) was performed using Design Expert 10 to determine the optimal ratio of turmeric powder addition. In addition, antioxidant activity and physicochemical quality characteristics were analyzed before and after turmeric addition, and a sensory evaluation was conducted by foodservice professionals to assess the effect of turmeric supplementation on consumer preference for the baguette.
The sensory evaluation results indicated that as the amount of turmeric increased, the preference scores for salty taste, bitter taste, and aroma decreased, whereas color, texture, appearance, and overall acceptability showed increasing trends. In the texture profile analysis (TPA), hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased, while cohesiveness tended to decrease in baguettes with turmeric. Elasticity was minimally affected, suggesting that turmeric influences the textural properties only in specific aspects. Regarding pH and color values (L*, a*, b*), flour exhibited a greater impact than turmeric.
Proximate analysis measured moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrates, and calories. The control baguette (without turmeric) showed 5.45% moisture, 2.44% ash, 0.58% crude fat, 15.33% crude protein, 76.2% carbohydrates, and 371.3 kcal, while the turmeric-supplemented baguette showed 5.86% moisture, 2.74% ash, 0.35% crude fat, 14.86% crude protein, 76.18% carbohydrates, and 367.33 kcal. These differences suggest the nutritional superiority and functional benefits of turmeric supplementation.
Total polyphenol content in the turmeric baguette was 0.84 mg GAE/g, approximately 1.35 times higher than that of the general baguette, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 24.91 mg GAE/g, showing an increase of approximately 2.76 times, confirming enhanced antioxidant activity.
Optimization was conducted by setting turmeric powder and flour as independent variables and salty taste, bitter taste, aroma, color, texture, appearance, and overall preference as response variables. As a result, the optimal formulation was determined to be 20 g of turmeric powder and 480 g of flour, with a desirability value of 0.998, indicating high reliability of the optimization model.
Based on the results of this study, turmeric was confirmed to be nutritionally advantageous and a highly functional ingredient applicable to bakery products. Although turmeric has mainly been used as a spice in Korea, its incorporation into baguettes demonstrated increased total polyphenol content, enhanced antioxidant activity, and reduced fat and calorie content, confirming its functional superiority. Moreover, the interaction between turmeric and wheat proteins contributed to bitterness reduction while improving color and external appearance, suggesting enhanced consumer acceptability. Therefore, turmeric is considered a practical and scalable ingredient with significant value for future development of functional bakery products.