This study investigates the living conditions of single-person elderly households and suggests spatial design strategies for small-scale senior housing based on residents' lived experiences. As the number of older adults living alone grows, traditiona...
This study investigates the living conditions of single-person elderly households and suggests spatial design strategies for small-scale senior housing based on residents' lived experiences. As the number of older adults living alone grows, traditional family-oriented housing models and institutional facilities are no longer enough to help people be independent, stable emotionally, and socially connected. In response to this emerging issue, the study conceptualizes elderly housing not merely as a physical shelter but as an integrated system that sustains safe, independent, and socially connected living. Universal Design (UD), Aging in Place (AIP), and Community Design were employed as the theoretical framework guiding the analysis.
Fifteen older adults aged 65 and above, living alone in Seoul and the metropolitan area, participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The interview guide had twenty questions about seven different topics: daily routines, safety, accessibility, spatial efficiency, emotional well-being, social relationships, and future housing expectations. We looked for patterns in the interview transcripts using a thematic approach to figure out how the people who lived there made sense of their homes. The results showed three main worries: being able to stay safe, being able to live on your own, and being able to keep your emotional peace and social connections. Five related themes came out of these worries: Safety, Accessibility, Space Efficiency, Psychological Comfort, and Social Connectedness.
These five ideas created a framework with many levels. The physical foundation of daily life was safety and accessibility; the operational layer that decided how spaces could be used and how people felt about them was space efficiency and psychological comfort; and the relational layer that helped people feel less alone and supported continuity in daily life was social connectedness. The study proposes design strategies derived from these findings. These are some of the things: flooring that doesn't slip, low-threshold entries, lighting that turns on and off automatically and responds to tasks, switch and fixture heights that are easy to reach, modular and foldable furniture systems, warm-tone lighting (3000~4000 K), and semi-public communal spaces like corridor lounges and rooftop gardens. All of these strategies work together to make small-scale senior housing safer and more stable. They also give residents more chances to talk to each other on a regular basis.
This study enhances both academic and practical comprehension. In terms of academics, it changes the conversation about senior housing from one that focuses on facilities to one that focuses on residents. It demonstrates the transformation of qualitative narratives into guidelines for spatial and environmental design. The research offers evidence-based suggestions to aid in the planning of small-scale senior housing, public rental housing, and community-focused aging models. The study also provides a comprehensive framework that incorporates the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of senior living by combining UD, AIP, and community-oriented design principles. This framework can help make housing for older people more welcoming and long-lasting.