자살위기 상담에서 상담자의 공유된 의식으로서의 정신화 과정: 구성주의 근거이론 연구 = The Mentalization Process of Counselors as Shared Consciousness in Suicide Crisis Counseling: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This constructivist grounded theory study aimed to explore and describe the mentalization process of counselors as shared consciousness in suicide crisis counseling. Participants comprised 11 counselors (9 females, 2 males) aged 30–40, with 6–23 years of experience following acquisition of counseling-related qualifications. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews (average 2.7 sessions, 60–100 minutes each) and relevant personal records to ensure sufficiency and adequacy, with interview transcripts verified by participants to enhance qualitative trustworthiness.
Analysis yielded 568 concepts and 186 categories, which were condensed and structured into 20 core categories, forming a theoretical model elucidating counselors' mentalization in suicide crisis counseling. Counselors' inner worlds, influenced by shared consciousness with clients, internalize clients' crises, leading to initial fusion states marked by tension, fear, and societal expectation pressures—corresponding to the pre-mentalization psychological equivalence mode. Counselors often struggle to discern suicidal intent, fixating on surface behaviors in a teleological mode. Daily life becomes permeated by crisis, blurring boundaries, yet mentalized affectivity enables recognition of emotional states and attempts at defusion.
In defusion, counselors engage in "distancing from the past," "cognitive mentalization," and "meaning exploration," supported by diverse external aids. Upon mentalization recovery, counselors adopt a stance of viewing clients "differently," establishing boundaries and self-care to secure inner growth and recognition of crisis intervention limits. This manifests as a cyclical process of psychological fusion with clients while maintaining appropriate boundaries, fostering repeated change and growth. Counselors' inner transformations interlink with intersubjective experiences between counselor and client, as well as sociocultural-organizational contexts, evoking crisis-induced isolation amid societal pressures. Supervision facilitates balance between internal experiences and external perceptions, requiring supervisors to assess mentalization stages and provide tailored guidance.
This study integrates understanding of counselors' mentalization as shared consciousness in suicide crisis counseling from perspectives of distinguishing and accepting self-other inner states and enhancing affect regulation. Notably, defusion hinges on cognitive mentalization recovery and emotional balance restoration. It underscores the necessity of legal-institutional safeguards, ongoing training, and psychological support for counselor protection.
The study's significance lies in illuminating counselors' experiences through shared consciousness, transcending individual adaptation or burnout to interpret them as mentalization development processes—extendable beyond suicide crisis to diverse crisis interventions. Future research should investigate counselor-client inner change interactions and prioritize mentalization enhancement training and protective systems for counselors in suicide crisis counseling.

Key Words: counselor, shared consciousness, suicide crisis counseling, mentalization, Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory, Clarke's situational analysis, psychological fusion, defusion, restoration of mentalization, mentalized affectivity

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 1
• 2. 연구문제11
• 3. 용어의 정의 12
• 가. 자살위기12
• 나. 자살위기 상담에서 상담자 12
• 다. 정신화 13
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 14
• 1. 자살위기 상담 14
• 가. 자살위기의 개념 14
• 나. 자살위기 상담 22
• 2. 상담자 28
• 가. 상담자의 발달 28
• 나. 상담자의 대리외상, 외상 후 성장31
• 다. 자살위기 상담에서 상담자 35
• 3. 정신화 38
• 가. 정신화의 개념 38
• 나. 정신화의 발달단계와 실패 45
• 다. 상담자의 자기성찰과 정신화48
• 라. 상담자의 공감과 정신화 52
• 마. 공유된 의식으로서의 정신화 과정 54
• 바. 자살위기 상담에서 상담자의 정신화 과정56
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 62
• 1. 구성주의 근거이론 62
• 가. Charmaz의 구성주의 근거이론 62
• 나. 보완적 분석: Clarke의 상황분석 67
• 2. 연구절차 71
• 가. 연구참여자 73
• 나. 자료 수집 75
• 다. 자료 분석 80
• 라. 연구의 엄격성 82
• 마. 연구참여자에 대한 윤리적 고려85
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 87
• 1. Charmaz의 구성주의 근거이론분석88
• 가. 초기코딩과 초점코딩 88
• 나. 초기코딩과 초점코딩에 근거한 연구참여자들의 자살위기 상담경험 기술91
• 다. 이론적 코딩 129
• 라. 이론적 코딩: 핵심범주를 통한 내러티브 기술131
• 마. 핵심범주를 통한 정신화 과정 모형 도출134
• 2. Clarke의 상황분석의 보완적 적용137
• 가. 상황적 지도 139
• 나. 관계적 지도145
• 다. 사회적 세계/무대지도148
• 3. 통합 모형: 공유된 의식으로서의 정신화 과정151
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 154
• 1. 결론154
• 가. 결과 요약 154
• 나. 논의157
• 2. 제언163
• 참고문헌168
• 영문초록200
• 부 록 202
• <부록 1> 연구참여자용 설명문 202
• <부록 2> 연구참여 동의서 207