삼국〜통일신라시대 춘천지역 취락형성과 과정 = Formation and Process of the Three Kingdoms and Unified Silla Period in Chuncheon

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I became interested in research related to the formation and urbanization of Chuncheon during the Silla-Unified Silla period, which he discovered while participating in excavations at the ruins of the camp page in Geunhwa-dong, Chuncheon. Development in Chuncheon increased and several excavations were conducted, and the number of large-scale residential sites in the Silla-Unified Silla period increased. However, compared to the amount of newly confirmed data, Chuncheon's study of the Shilla-Unified Silla period's residential sites was shown to be incomplete compared to other regions. Individual studies of each relic, such as residential areas and earthenware, were mainly conducted, and most of the research on settlements in Chuncheon was tied together in the Bukhangang River basin, Yeongseo area, and Hanju area. However, in the study of villages in the Silla-Unified Silla period in Chuncheon, which is designated as Usuju and Sakju, a comprehensive study of excavated relics centered on residential areas, villages, and earthenware should be conducted.

Chapter Ⅲ explains the outline and status of the settlement sites of the Silla-Unified Silla period identified at the ruins of Udu-dong, Geunhwa-dong, Songam-dong, Hyeonam-ri, and Geumsan-ri in Chuncheon, and selects the residences where Gobae, Daebu-wan, and Wan were excavated from the residences within each of the ruins. Among the 328 residences of the Silla-Unified Silla period identified in Chuncheon, 98 residences from the Silla-Unified Silla period were selected from the residences of Gobae, Daebu-wan, and Wan, which will be the center of this study.

In Chapter Ⅳ the types of ancient bae, Daebuwan, and Wan excavated from the selected residential areas were classified, and the individual residential areas and village remains of each site were compiled, and then representative stages were set based on the years. The criteria for attribute combination and type classification of earthenware were substituted in this study by borrowing the criteria of Shim Soo-jeong. Gobae is divided into Yugae Gobae and Unopened Gobae, and Daebuwan is divided into Ⅰ to Ⅳ types, Daebuwan is divided into Ⅰ to Ⅲ types, and Wan is divided into Ⅰ to Ⅲ types, and each type is divided into 1 to 3 stages (1st-6C mid to 7C early, 2nd-7C mid to 8C early, 3rd-8C mid to 10C early) by substituting the relic compilation plan into three stages. The excavation of the old bae, Daebuwan, and Wan relics in Chuncheon area was prepared. The stage setting of 98 Silla-Unified Silla dwellings where each artifact was excavated through the subsequent artifact compilation plan was carried out in 1 to 3 stages. After setting the stage, we compared the results of dating the dwellings through AMS and archaeological geomagnetic, which are scientific analysis methods, and as a result, it was confirmed that although the age of the dwelling and the stage setting through the chronology of the excavated relics do not match completely through the scientific analysis method, there are some similar or overlapping sections.

In Chapter Ⅴ, explained the process of changing the change of the change of the purpose of change in accordance with step 1 to 3 stages, and it was formed in Chuncheon.

It is confirmed that the villages identified in the ruins of Udu-dong are largely divided into two places, and Gobae and Wan were identified in the settlement site residential area centered on the southern part of Udu Mountain and the first stage (6C mid to 7C early) was the central stage. Considering that the residence where the third-stage relics (Daebuwan) are identified alone, unlike the settlement centered on the southern part of Udu Mountain it seems that some of the settlements are maintained after the third stage due to the new residence being built during the third stage.

A total of 66 dwellings were identified in the ruins of Geunhwa-dong, with a total of 158, including 22 for Gobae, 35 for Daebuwan, and 101 for Wan. When looking at the quantity of dwellings and the range of settlements comprehensively, the 1st to 3rd stages (6C mid to 10C early) are the central villages in Chuncheon, of which stage 2 (7C mid to 8C early) appears to be the central stage, and it seems that the village is maintained until stage 3 and expanded. In addition, compared to the dwellings corresponding to stage 1 (6C mid to 7C early), the dwellings corresponding to stage 2 (7C mid to 8C early) were located outside of Geunhwa-dong, which is a relatively riverside, in the center of Geunhwa-dong.

A total of 10 residences were identified at the Songam-dong ruins, and the stages were identified mainly in the 2nd and 3rd stages (7C mid to 10C early). Like the settlement in the ruins of Geunhwa-dong, Chuncheon, the location of the residence was located extending to the southwest, which is the riverfront, as the second stage (7C mid to 8C early) and the third stage (8C mid to 10C early) appeared to be the central stage compared to the residence in the first stage (6C mid to 7C early). There were a total of 4 residences identified at the remains of Hyeonam-ri and Geumsan-ri, with 2nd and 3rd stages (7C mid to 10C early) centered on the earthenware of the remains of Hyeonam-ri, and Geumsan-ri was centered on the 1st and 2nd stages (6C mid to 8C early).

Through this, the order, process, and historical significance of the formation of the entire village in Chuncheon are as follows.

First, chances are high that the center of Usuju is currently near Udu Mountain According to the stage of earthenware excavated from residential areas in Chuncheon during the Silla-Unified Silla Dynasty, the first stage (6C mid to 7C early) is the center stage, and it is also said that Udu Mountain was located in Udu Mountain.

Second, considering that no more housing was built during the 2nd and 3rd stages of the southern town of Udu Mountain, the residents and the center are likely to have moved near Geunhwa-dong afterwards, and this relocation or movement of residents is thought to be linked to the movement of the state's center as new Sakju was created and reorganized before and after the installation of Sakju in Chuncheon in 757, that is, after Usuju and Suyukju. This is also confirmed at the location of the residential area in Geunhwa-dong. Compared to the residential area in the 1st stage (6C mid to 7C early), the residential area in the 2nd stage (7C mid to 8C early) is located outside the relatively riverside of Geunhwa-dong from the center of Geunhwa-dong at the 2nd stage, and as the city was built while moving around the center of the state, the residents of the southern village of Udu Mountain which is believed to be the center of excellent stocks, were relocated or moved to increase the population, and new residential areas were built outside the ruins of Geunhwa-dong in Chuncheon, which existed from the 1st stage, and the village seems to be expanding.

Third, it can be seen that Usuju, Suyakju, and Sakju have different characteristics according to the trend of the times. Due to Goguryeo's occupation of Anbyeon, Usuju has a strong character as a military base established to defend Chuncheon, and Suyakju has a relatively high importance of Usujeong and Suyakju, which facilitates the movement of troops and the distribution of materials, compared to Anbyeon during the Nadang War after the fall of Goguryeo, led to the establishment of Usujeong and the renaming of Suyakju. After the war and unification, Sakju was newly installed because its role as a military base was reduced and relatively wide and the North Korean and Soyang rivers met and the Geunhwa-dong, which flows southwest, was more advantageous for tax collection and material movement.

Fourth, the components of local cities include government offices, temples, living relics, production relics, cultivated land, and tombs, supporting the creation of local cities by relocating the center near Geunhwa-dong and installing Suyukju and Sakju.

Fifth, through excavation surveys that are still in progress, the central buildings, roads, and living relics that make up the ancient city were newly identified in the area of Geunhwa-dong, Chuncheon. In particular, a central building or a large building site related to a government office was discovered that supports Geunhwa-dong as the center of Sakju.

Sixth, the bangri-system can be found in the ruins of Geunhwa-dong, which is believed to be the center of Sakju, because it was in the midst of war at the time in 673, so it was not possible to build a city, and it is believed that Sakju was newly installed and its maintenance was also newly constructed after a series of maintenance processes after the war ended.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 1
• Ⅱ. 연구사적 검토와 문제제기 2
• 1. 역사적 배경 2
• 2. 춘천지역 신라 취락 발굴조사 3
• 3. 취락의 형성과 존속시기 연구 5
• 4. 도시화 과정의 연구 7
• 5. 문제제기와 연구 방법 8
• Ⅲ. 신라 취락유적 개요 10
• 1. 춘천 우두동 유적 11
• 2. 춘천 근화동 유적 14
• 3. 춘천 송암동 유적 17
• 4. 춘천 현암리・금산리 유적 18
• Ⅳ. 춘천지역 주거지 출토 토기 형식분류와 배열 21
• 1. 형식분류 23
• 1) 고배 23
• 2) 대부완 27
• 3) 완 34
• 2. 편년 및 단계설정 46
• Ⅴ. 취락의 공간 구성과 형성 과정 65
• 1. 각 유적별 취락의 공간 구성 65
• 1) 춘천 우두동 유적 65
• 2) 춘천 근화동 유적 74
• 3) 춘천 송암동・현암리・금산리 유적 80
• 2. 춘천 내 전체 취락 형성 순서 및 과정과 역사적 의의 88
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 98
• 참고문헌 102
• 영문초록 105