대구∙경북 지역 소나무림의 식생 구조 및 생육 특성 비교 = A comparison of vegetation structure and characteristics of growth of Pinus densiflora Forests in the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk-do Province.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Pinus densiflora(the Korean red pine) is an indigenous species in Korea, occupying a critical place in forest ecosystems and covering the largest area(1,321,878 ha) among all forest species. The Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, possessing the second largest forest area after Gangwon-do and encompassing major mountains like Sobaesan, Biseulsan, and Unmunsan, holds significant ecological value and diversity dueating to its varied climatic types, making its forest ecosystem protection and preservation essential. However, the P.densiflora forests in the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk-do Province are in decline due to complex disturbances including global warming, repeated droughts, increased pine wilt disease, higher fire risk, and human interference. This is projected to lead to a rapid ecological succession toward a deciduous broad-leaved forest dominated by oak species(Fagaceae). This study confirmed that the dominance and frequency of Fagaceae were highest across all forest strata(tree, subtree, shrub, and herb layers). Crucially, the regeneration of P.densiflora(recruitment from lower layers) is insufficient, while the continuous recruitment of oaks like Quercus mongolica and Quercus variabilis is occurring. Consequently, the sustainability and distribution area of the P.densiflora forests are expected to decrease, with oaks replacing them. The successional direction exhibits distinct differences based on region and altitude. In the Northern&Central regions and high altitude areas(above 200m), Q.mongolica shows a relatively high dominace, suggseting succession into a Q.mongolica forests. In the Southern regions and low altitude areas(below 200m), Castanea crenata shows a relatively high dominace in the lower layers, indicating the significant influence of artificial afforestation on the succession direction. Analysis of growth characteristics showed that the average diameter at breast height(DBH) of trees increased while stand density decreased in northern and high-altitude areas, suggesting that relatively low-temperature environments favor individual tree growth but lead to lower population density. Considering the rising temperatures due to global warming, coupled with increased risks of pests and fires, the area of P.densiflora forests is expected to continue shrinking, being replaced by oak species. Therefore, urgent ecological management strategies are required for the sustainable conservation and restoration or the stable succession of the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk-do Province’s P.densiflora forests. These strategies must include precise monitoring of regional vegetation structure changes and actions to improve the P.densiflora growth environment and induce generation renewal.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 서 론 1
• 재료 및 방법 4
• 1. 조사지의 개황 4
• 2. 식생조사 5
• 3. 분석방법 9
• 결과 11
• 1. 대구･경북 지역 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 11
• 1.1. 대구･경북 지역 북부지방 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 16
• 1.2. 대구･경북 지역 중부지방 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 18
• 1.3. 대구･경북 지역 남부지방 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 21
• 2. 해발고도에 따른 대구･경북 지역 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 23
• 2.1. 대구･경북 지역 해발고도 300m 이상 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 23
• 2.2. 대구･경북 지역 해발고도 200-300m 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 26
• 2.3. 대구･경북 지역 해발고도 200m 미만 소나무림의 종 구성 및 층위별 우점도 28
• 3. 대구･경북 지역 소나무림의 평균 흉고직경(DBH) 및 생육 밀도 31
• 3.1. Group 1(지역군별), Group 2(해발고도군별) 평균 흉고직경 및 생육 밀도 32
• 고찰 35
• 참 고 문 헌 39
• Abstract 44
• Appendix 46