국립공원 탐방유형 분류와 탐방 특성 분석 연구 = A Study on the Classification of Korea National Park Visitation Types and Analysis of Visitation Characteristics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study classifies 23 national parks in Korea by moving beyond the traditional typology based on physical characteristics such as mountainous, maritime or coastal, and historic types, and instead incorporating visitation characteristics, natural resources, and facilities as variables. After classification, the study further analyzes the detailed visitation characteristics of each type.

To classify the national parks, multi-dimensional scaling(MDS) and cluster analysis were conducted using variables related to visiting, natural and cultural resources, facilities and management. Subsequently, cross-tabulation analysis, correspondence analysis, and ANOVA were conducted to examine the differences in visitation characteristics among the types. Finally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationships between various influencing variables, satisfaction with park selection, and visitor loyalty. The data for the analysis were drawn from the 2024 national park recreation and Leisure survey, 2024 national park visitor usage survey, and the 2024 national parks basic statistics.

The results revealed that Korea national parks can be classified into four distinct types, each exhibiting clear differences in visitation characteristics and usage patterns. Type Ⅰ was defined as the “Senior-friendly mountain relaxation type”, type Ⅱ as the “Ecology-linked hub type”, type Ⅲ as the “Multi-purpose visitation activity type” and type Ⅳ as the “Living zone day-trip visitation type”. Cross-tabulation and correspondence analyses indicated significant differences across the types in terms of companion type, transportation, time of day trip, and purpose of visit, leading to the proposal of type-specific management strategies. ANOVA results further demonstrated significant differences in all satisfaction variables, including crowdedness, travel cost, and facility. Moreover, multiple regression analysis revealed that the variables influencing selection satisfaction and loyalty factors varied by type, with some variables—such as travel costs(Q7), surrounding infrastructure(Q8), and transportation(Q1)—showing negative effects.

These findings highlight the necessity of customized management strategies that reflect visitation characteristics. Especially, differentiated management strategies for each type can simultaneously enhance visitor satisfaction while achieving a balance between resource conservation and use. This study provides scientific evidence for the efficient management and policymaking of Korea national parks and can serve as a baseline data for developing visitor-centered management strategies in the future.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구 배경 및 목적 1
• 1. 연구 배경 1
• 2. 연구목적 4
• 제2절 연구사 5
• 제2장 국립공원 현황 및 유형 분류체계 11
• 제1절 국립공원 현황 11
• 1. 일반 현황 11
• 2. 탐방자원 현황 12
• 3. 자원보전 현황 29
• 4. 재난안전 현황 34
• 제2절 국립공원 탐방 현황 36
• 1. 국립공원 탐방관리 현황 36
• 2. 2025년 국립공원 탐방트렌드 36
• 제3절 국립공원 유형 분류체계 40
• 1. 국내 국립공원 유형 40
• 2. 국외 국립공원 유형 41
• 제4절 현황 및 유형 분류체계 검토를 통한 시사점 45
• 제3장 연구 방법 47
• 제1절 연구 내용 47
• 1. 국립공원 탐방유형 분류 48
• 2. 유형별 탐방 특성 분석 51
• 3. 유형별 선택 만족도와 충성도에 미치는 영향분석 53
• 제2절 연구자료 54
• 1. 탐방유형 분류 자료 54
• 2. 탐방 특성 및 영향분석 자료 55
• 제4장 결과 및 고찰 56
• 제1절 국립공원 탐방유형 분류 결과 56
• 1. 다차원척도법(MDS) 분석 결과 56
• 2. 군집분석 결과 69
• 3. 종합분류 결과 79
• 제2절 유형별 탐방 특성 분석 결과 87
• 1. 유형별 교차분석 결과 87
• 2. 유형별 대응분석 결과 101
• 3. 유형별 탐방 만족도 비교분석 결과 124
• 4. 소결 132
• 제3절 유형별 선택 만족도 및 충성도에 미치는 영향분석 결과 133
• 1. 분석모형 설정 133
• 2. 측정 문항 신뢰도 및 타당도 검정 135
• 3. 유형별 다중회귀분석 결과 141
• 4. 소결 150
• 제5장 결론 및 제언 152
• 제1절 결론 152
• 제2절 제언 157
• 인용문헌 160
• Abstract 184