An XR-Based Distributed Collaboration System for BIM Integration and Knowledge Sharing in Architectural Design = 건축 설계에서 BIM 통합과 지식 공유를 위한 XR 기반 분산 협업 시스템

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This Research presents the development and evaluation of an XR-Based Distributed Collaboration System for BIM Integration and Knowledge Sharing in Architectural Design. The research addresses persistent challenges in distributed architectural collaboration, including fragmented communication, knowledge loss, and limited spatial understanding across geographically dispersed teams. By integrating Extended Reality (XR) technologies with Building Information Modeling (BIM) workflows, the study operationalizes theoretical frameworks from Distributed Collaborative Design (DCD), Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), and the Model of Coordinated Action (MoCA).A functional multi-user XR prototype was developed using Unreal Engine 5.2, supporting real-time collaboration for up to 50 concurrent users with cloud-based BIM data synchronization via AWS S3 and Datasmith Runtime integration. The system enables dynamic import of heterogeneous BIM formats (Revit, IFC, SketchUp, Rhino), preserves semantic metadata, and provides immersive tools for spatial annotation, material variant comparison, and design knowledge capture.Empirical validation involved 30 participants across 12 collaborative design sessions, combining quantitative performance metrics, standardized usability assessments (NASA-TLX: 4.83/20 mental demand; SUS: 67.7/100), and behavioral analysis aligned with DCD principles. Results demonstrated significant improvements in spatial comprehension (100% of participants), communication efficiency (90% faster design intent understanding), and knowledge continuity, with an Explicit BIM Knowledge Sharing Index (EBKSI) of 4.52/5.0. The research contributes both theoretical integration of XR-DCD-MoCA frameworks and practical demonstration of immersive environments as knowledge infrastructure for distributed architectural practice.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1 Introduction 1
• 1.1 Background and Purpose Research 2
• 1.1.1 Background of Research 2
• 1.1.2 Purpose of Research 8
• 1.2 Scope and Structure of Research 12
• 1.2.1 Scope of Research 12
• 1.2.2 Structure of Research 17
• 2 Theoretical Background of BIM-based Knowledge Sharing in XR Collaborative Distributed Architectural Design 21
• 2.1 Theoretical Background of BIM-based Knowledge Sharing in Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design 22
• 2.1.1 Foundations of Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design and Coordinated Action Frameworks 22
• 2.1.2 Theoretical Background of BIM Knowledge Management 29
• 2.1.3 Conceptual Background of XR-Based Collaborative Design Environments 32
• 2.2 Analysis of BIM-based Knowledge Sharing in XR Distributed Collaborative Architectural Related Research 41
• 2.2.1 CSCW and MoCA in Collaborative Architectural Design Related Research 41
• 2.2.2 BIM-Based Design Development and Knowledge Management in Distributed Collaboration Related Research 46
• 2.2.3 BIM-Based XR Distributed Collaborative Architectural and Multi-User Collaboration Related Research 50
• 2.3 Theoretical BIM-based Knowledge Sharing in XR Collaborative Architectural Design Environment Research 56
• 3 System Architecture and Methodology for BIM-based Knowledge Sharing in XR Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design 59
• 3.1 BIM Knowledge Sharing XR-based Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design Development Methodology 60
• 3.2 BIM Knowledge Sharing XR-based Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design System Architecture 65
• 3.2.1 XR-Based DCD Data Management System Architecture 70
• 3.2.2 XR-Based DCD User System Architecture 73
• 4 Development of an XR-based Environment for Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design 77
• 4.1 XR Network and Database Development 78
• 4.1.1 XR Network System 78
• 4.1.2 XR Shared Cloud Database System Integration 84
• 4.2 XR Data Management System Development 88
• 4.2.1 3D Data Management System 88
• 4.2.2 2D Data Management System 100
• 4.3 XR User System Development 104
• 4.3.1 XR Virtual Environments 104
• 4.3.2 XR User Avatars 106
• 4.3.3 XR Communication System 109
• 4.3.4 XR Design Support System 113
• 5 Experiment and Evaluation of BIM-based Knowledge Sharing in XR Distributed Collaborative Architectural Design 116
• 5.1 XR-based Distributed Collaborative System Performance Experiment and Evaluation 117
• 5.1.1 Multi-User Networking Performance 118
• 5.1.2 Cloud Database Integration and XR Streaming Performance 120
• 5.2 XR-based Distributed Collaborative Architecture Design Experiment and Evaluation 123
• 5.2.1 Experimental Scenario and Participant Roles 123
• 5.2.2 DCD-Based Observational Analysis 128
• 5.2.3 XR-Based Distributed BIM Knowledge Sharing System Performance 133
• 5.3 XR-based Distributed Collaborative Design User Evaluation 141
• 5.3.1 NASA-TLX Workload Evaluation 141
• 5.3.2 System Usability Scale (SUS) 145
• 5.3.3 MoCA-Based Qualitative Evaluation 148
• 5.4 Research Summary 153
• 6 Conclusion and Future Work 158
• References 167
• Abstract 174
• Korean abstract 176
• Appendix 177