Low-Resolution Hardware-Aware Precoding and Multi-User Access for Next-Generation Wireless Systems = 차세대 무선 시스템을 위한 저해상도 하드웨어 인지형 프리코딩 및 다중 사용자 접속

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Regularized zero-forcing (RZF) is well known in wireless communications for its balance of near-optimal performance and low complexity. While widely studied, its fundamental capacity under one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) remains unclear. This work addresses the gap by analyzing RZF in MIMO broadcast channels with one-bit ADCs and optimizing key system parameters. We derive the capacity under practical input constraints imposed by one-bit quantization and propose an approximation for the optimal regularization factor, ensuring robust performance across diverse settings. These results extend the applicability of RZF, showing its viability for modern wireless systems with low-resolution ADCs. Keywords: Multiple-input and multiple-output channel; Regularized zero forcing; One-bit analog-to-digital converter; Regularizing parameter; Channel capacity;

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an effective approach to support massive connectivity and enhance spectrum efficiency. In practice, however, low-resolution DACs and ADCs introduce significant quantization distortion that undermines reliability. To address this, we propose a downlink NOMA beamforming framework that explicitly accounts for quantization noise. Using the additive quantization noise model, we derive closed-form SINR expressions and formulate a power minimization problem with SINR-based QoS constraints. To ensure tractability, a relaxation strategy enables solutions via Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, yielding near-optimal beamforming vectors. Numerical results show that the proposed method achieves higher spectral efficiency than conventional space-division multiple access and rate-splitting schemes under identical resolution and power constraints, highlighting its potential for energy-efficient NOMA design. Keywords: NOMA; SDMA; RSMA; beamforming; low-resolution converter;

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. Part I Analysis and Optimization of Regularized Zero-Forcing in One-Bit ADC MIMO Broadcast Channels 1
• Abstract 1
• 1. Introduction 2
• 2. System Model 3
• 3. Performance Analysis 6
• (i) Near optimal input signaling 6
• (ii) Capacity analysis 7
• (iii) Optimization of the regularization parameter 9
• 4. Numerical Verification 11
• 5. Conclusion 14
• A. Appendix 15
• (i) Proof of LEMMA 1 15
• (ii) Proof of LEMMA 2 16
• II. Part II Low-Resolution Hardware-Aware Beamforming for Multiuser Downlink NOMA Systems 18
• Abstract 18
• 1. Introduction 19
• 2. System Model 21
• (i) Low-resolution DAC/ADC Modeling 22
• (ii) NOMA Transmission with SIC 23
• 3. Optimal Beamforming Design 24
• (i) Problem Formulation and Approximation 24
• (ii) Proposed Solution 27
• 4. Simulation Result 29
• 5. Conclusion 32
• References 33