Sea ice plays a critical role not only in the polar regions but also in regulating the global climate system. In recent years, rapid fluctuations in sea ice have been reported in both the Arctic and Antarctic due to climate change, driving active rese...
Sea ice plays a critical role not only in the polar regions but also in regulating the global climate system. In recent years, rapid fluctuations in sea ice have been reported in both the Arctic and Antarctic due to climate change, driving active research into the causes of sea ice variability and its impacts. While previous studies have mainly focused on freshwater input from sea ice melt and albedo changes associated with variations in sea ice extent, growing attention has been directed toward the physical, chemical, and biological impacts of regional sea-ice transport variability. In particular, sea ice variability in the continental shelf region governs the formation of dense water, the precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water. Therefore, understanding how sea-ice transport influences sea-ice conditions on the Ross Sea continental shelf is of major scientific importance.
In this study, we quantified the variability of sea-ice transport using observations of sea-ice concentration, thickness, and drift velocity in the Ross Sea from 2014 to 2020 and analyzed how this variability affected winter sea-ice conditions on the continental shelf. To quantify sea-ice transport, two flux gates were defined: Gate 1 (east-west ice transport) and Gate 2 (north-south transport). The analysis showed that although sea-ice transport through Gate 2 was generally greater than through Gate 1, both gates exhibited similar temporal variations. From 2014 to 2017, sea ice predominantly flowed outward from the continental shelf toward the open ocean, with an increasing trend. However, after 2017, the export weakened, and from 2019 onward, a net import of sea ice into the shelf region was observed. Furthermore, comparison of sea-ice transport with the new and young ice ratio, total sea-ice area, and Ross Ice Shelf polynya area revealed that increased import of sea ice into the continental shelf was associated with a decrease in total sea-ice area but an increase in both the new and young ice ratio and polynya area. Conversely, periods of enhanced export showed opposite relationships. These results suggest that sea-ice transport is not the governing driver of sea-ice conditions on the continental shelf, rather, changes in sea-ice conditions modulate sea-ice transport, particularly during 2014–2018. In contrast, during 2019–2020, sea-ice transport appeared to control sea-ice properties, likely linked to changes in upper-level wind patterns associated with the spatial shifts of the Amundsen Sea Low.
This study highlights that the relationship between sea-ice transport and sea-ice conditions in the Ross Sea varies depending on upper atmospheric wind changes associated with the shifting position of the Amundsen Sea Low. These findings provide an important foundation for future research on winter coastal sea-ice variability and changes in the properties of High Salinity Shelf Water in the Ross Sea.